Software Cost Estimation and Sizing Mathods, Issues, and Guidelines

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-09-19
Publisher(s): RAND Corporation
List Price: $20.00

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Summary

"Software Cost Estimation and Sizing Methods: Issues and Guidelines recommends an approach to improving the utility and accuracy of software cost estimates by exposing uncertainty (in understanding the project) and reducing the risks associated with developing the estimates. The approach focuses on characteristics of the estimation process (such as which methods and models are most appropriate for a given situation) and the nature of the data used (such as software size). It describes risks in each of these factors in terms of symptoms and warning signs, and mitigation strategies for each." "The techniques described in this book are based on a literature review and on analysis of software estimation and risk, in addition to general lessons and guidance adapted from selected programs." "This book should be of particular interest to those organizations or agencies that use software estimates in the planning, budgeting, developing, or purchasing of software-intensive systems. It should also be of value to those involved in research and analysis of estimation models and techniques."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Preface iii
Figures
xi
Tables
xiii
Executive Summary xv
Introduction
1(8)
Study Methodology
4(1)
Risk and Software Cost Estimation
4(1)
Sources of Risk in Software Estimates
4(1)
Options in Developing Estimates
5(1)
Strategies for Risk Mitigation
5(1)
Report Organization
5(4)
Balancing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Sizing Methods
9(14)
Characterizing Sizing Methods
12(1)
When to Use a Sizing Method
13(10)
Issue: Counting Physical Objects
14(2)
Issue: Counting Notional Constructs
16(1)
Issue: Lack of Empirical Evidence, Especially for New Sizing Methods
17(1)
Issue: Using Past Project Experience and Information
18(1)
Issue: Tracking Changes and Progress over Time
19(2)
Issue: Calibration
21(2)
Survey of Sizing Methods
23(20)
Lines of Code
24(3)
Function Points and Feature Points
27(4)
Object Points
31(2)
Application Points
33(1)
Predictive Object Points
34(3)
Analogies
37(2)
Estimating from Unified Modeling Language Constructs
39(4)
Risk Checklist for Sizing Methods
43(12)
Risks
44(11)
The Specification or Design
46(2)
The Development Method
48(1)
The Estimation Process
49(6)
Checklist for Reviewing Size-Estimation Risk
55(6)
Sizing-Method Selection
55(1)
Project/System Assessment
56(1)
Sizing-Method Application
57(4)
Approaches to Cost Estimation
61(16)
Using Cost Estimates
62(2)
Buyers
63(1)
Developers
63(1)
Users
64(1)
Researchers
64(1)
Cost-Estimation Approaches
64(12)
Expert Judgment Method
65(2)
Analogy Method
67(1)
Parametric/Algorithmic Method
68(6)
Bottom-Up/Work Breakdown Structure Method
74(1)
Top-Down Method
75(1)
Historical Databases to Support Estimation
76(1)
Risks in Cost Estimation
77(14)
Sources of Risk and Error
78(13)
System Definition
79(2)
System Development
81(2)
Estimation Process
83(8)
Final Directions
91(2)
References 93

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