Smart Light-Responsive Materials Azobenzene-Containing Polymers and Liquid Crystals
by Zhao, Y.; Ikeda, TomikiBuy New
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Summary
Author Biography
Yue Zhao, PhD, is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Sherbrooke. With more than 100 publications to his credit, Dr. Zhao's research interests center on the design, synthesis, and applications of new polymer and liquid-crystalline materials. He has worked on specific applications of light-responsive materials, self-assembled materials, and nanostructured materials for liquid crystal displays, controlled drug delivery, and tunable optical devices.
Tomiki Ikeda, PhD, is Professor of Polymer Chemistry at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. Professor Ikeda is a leading authority in light-responsive materials and liquid-crystalline materials. Professor Ikeda's research interests focus on photomobile polymer materials, photodeformable smart materials based on azobenzene liquid-crystalline elastomers, and electroluminescent liquid-crystalline materials. He has more than 400 publications to his credit.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. xiii |
| Contributors | p. xvii |
| Azobenzene Polymers for Photonic Applications | p. 1 |
| Introduction to Azobenzene | p. 1 |
| Azobenzene Chromophores | p. 2 |
| Azobenzene Photochemistry | p. 4 |
| Classes of Azobenzene Systems | p. 8 |
| PhotoiDduced Motions and Modulations | p. 14 |
| Molecular Motion | p. 15 |
| Phot obi ological Experiments | p. 15 |
| Photoorientation | p. 18 |
| Domain Motion | p. 22 |
| Macroscopic Motion | p. 23 |
| Other Applications of Azobenzenes | p. 24 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 27 |
| References | p. 27 |
| Photo-Induced Phenomena In Supramolecular Azobenzene Materials | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Photoorientation | p. 54 |
| Surface Relief Gratings | p. 68 |
| Conclusion and Outlook | p. 82 |
| References | p. 84 |
| Photodeformable Materials And Photomechanical Effects Based On Azobenzene-Containing Polymers and Liquid Crystals | p. 95 |
| Introduction | p. 95 |
| Photodeformable Materials Based on Azobenzene-Containing Polymer Gels | p. 97 |
| Photodeformable Materials Based on Azobenzene-Containing Solid Films | p. 100 |
| Photodeformable Materials Based on Azobenzene-Containing LCs | p. 106 |
| LCs and LCEs | p. 106 |
| General Methods of Preparation of LCEs | p. 107 |
| Temperature-/Electricity-/pH-Responsive LCEs | p. 110 |
| Photoresponsive Behavior of Chromophore-Containmg LCs | p. 114 |
| Light-Responsive LCEs | p. 122 |
| Summary and Outlook | p. 136 |
| References | p. 136 |
| Amorphous Azobenzene Polymers For Light-Induced Surface Patterning | p. 145 |
| Surface Mass Transport | p. 145 |
| Experimental Observations | p. 146 |
| Patterning | p. 151 |
| Dependence on Material Properties | p. 152 |
| Photosoftening | p. 154 |
| Photomechanical Effects | p. 155 |
| Measuring Gratings | p. 156 |
| Dynamics | p. 158 |
| Mechanism | p. 159 |
| Thermal Considerations | p. 160 |
| Asymmetric Diffusion | p. 161 |
| Mean-Field Theory | p. 161 |
| Permittivity Gradient Theory | p. 162 |
| Gradient Electric Force | p. 162 |
| Isomerization Pressure | p. 163 |
| Applications of Surface Mass Transport | p. 165 |
| Conclusions | p. 166 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 167 |
| References | p. 167 |
| Azo Polymer Colloidal Spheres: Formation, Two-Dimensional Array, and Photoresponsive Properties | p. 177 |
| Introduction | p. 177 |
| Azo Polymer Synthesis | p. 179 |
| Self-Assembly of Polydispersed Amphiphilic Azo Polymers in Solutions | p. 182 |
| Characteristics of Polydispersed Azo Polymer Self-Assembly | p. 183 |
| Colloidal Sphere Formation and Characterization | p. 184 |
| Colloidal Sphere Formation Mechanism | p. 188 |
| Hybrid Colloids Composed of Two Types of Amphiphilic Azo Polymers | p. 190 |
| Photoresponsive Properties of Azo Polymer Colloidal Spheres | p. 192 |
| Deformation Induced by Interfering Ar+ Laser Beams | p. 192 |
| Deformation Induced by a Single Ar+ Laser Beam | p. 195 |
| Photoresponsive Porperties of Hybrid Colloids | p. 198 |
| Photoresponsive 2-D Colloidal Array and Its in situ Structure Inversion | p. 202 |
| Colloidal Array and Photoinduced Dichroism | p. 202 |
| Porous Structure from in situ Colloidal Array Structure Inversion | p. 205 |
| Closing Remarks | p. 208 |
| References | p. 208 |
| Azobenzene-Containing Block Copolymer Micelles: Toward Light-Controllable Nanocarriers | p. 215 |
| What is the Use of Light-Controllable Polymer Micelles? | p. 215 |
| How to Design Azobenzene Block Copolymers for Light-Controllable Micelles? | p. 218 |
| Synthesis of Azobenzene-Containing Amphophilic Block Copolymers | p. 221 |
| Reversible Dissociation and Formation of Azobenzene Block Copolymer Micelles | p. 223 |
| Factors Influencing the Reversible Dissociation and Formation Processes | p. 226 |
| Effect of Solution Stirring | p. 227 |
| Effect of Irradiation Light Intensity | p. 229 |
| Effects of Solvent and Block Copolymer Composition | p. 231 |
| Other Light-Responsive Azobenzene-Based Polymer Micelles | p. 234 |
| Perspectives and Future Work | p. 237 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 239 |
| References | p. 239 |
| Association Between Azobenzene-Modified Polymers And Surfactants Or Nanoparticles To Amplify Macroscopic Phototransitions In Solution | p. 243 |
| Light Responsiveness of Solution Properties: A Question of Amplification | p. 243 |
| From Cloud Point to Associative Phase Separation of Photopolymers | p. 245 |
| Polymers in Poor Solvents or at Low Critical Solubility Temperature | p. 246 |
| Complexation and Solubility of Chains | p. 249 |
| Associative Phase Separation | p. 251 |
| Intrachain Association with Colloid Particles: Photorecognition | p. 254 |
| Complexes with Protein and Micelles in the Dilute Regime | p. 255 |
| Sol-Gel Transition in Semidilute Conditions | p. 260 |
| Complexes on Disperse Interfaces: Photoreversible Emulsions | p. 265 |
| Conclusion | p. 267 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 268 |
| References | p. 268 |
| Light-Responsive | p. 2-D Motions |
| Introduction | p. 273 |
| Alignment of Functional Materials by Command Surface | p. 274 |
| Photoalignment of Polymer Main Chain of Polysilane | p. 274 |
| Surfactant-Silica Nanohybrids | p. 275 |
| Photoalignment of Chromonic LC-Silica Nanohybrid | p. 277 |
| Surface-Grafted Az-Containing LC Polymer | p. 280 |
| Photogenerated Mass Migrations | p. 282 |
| Conventional Type | p. 282 |
| Phase Transition Type | p. 284 |
| On the Migration Features of the PT Type | p. 284 |
| Extended Studies in the PT-Type Mass Migration | p. 285 |
| Photoresponsive LC Block Copolymer Systems | p. 291 |
| Monolayer Systems | p. 291 |
| Photocontrolled Macroscopic Alignment of MPS Structures | p. 292 |
| Micropatterning of MPS Structure in the Hierarchical Structure | p. 296 |
| Conclusion and Scope | p. 297 |
| References | p. 298 |
| Photoinduced Immobilization Of Molecules On The Surface Of Azobenzene Polymers: Principles and Application | p. 303 |
| Introduction | p. 303 |
| Background Study: Nanofabrication | p. 306 |
| Principles of Photoinduced Immobilization | p. 308 |
| Application for Immunochips | p. 314 |
| Immobilization Depending on the Azobenzene Moiety | p. 316 |
| Two-Dimensional Arrangement and Area-Selective Immobilization of Microspheres | p. 321 |
| Summary | p. 324 |
| References | p. 325 |
| Phototuning Of Helical Structure Of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals | p. 329 |
| Introduction | p. 329 |
| Properties and Design of Chiral Azobenzenes | p. 331 |
| Effect of Spacer Length | p. 331 |
| Effects of Molecular Shape | p. 335 |
| Effects of Chiral Groups on Photochemical Change in HTP | p. 339 |
| Applications | p. 346 |
| Photochemical Switching of Selective Reflection | p. 347 |
| Control of Transparency | p. 348 |
| Photochemical Inversion of Helix | p. 349 |
| Photochemical Control of Lasing | p. 353 |
| Conclusion | p. 358 |
| References | p. 358 |
| Tunable Diffraction Gratings Based On Azobenzene Polymers and Liquid Crystals | p. 363 |
| Diffraction Gratings Can Easily Be Recorded on Azobenzene-Containing Polymers and Liquid Crystals | p. 363 |
| What are Tunable Diffraction Gratings? | p. 365 |
| Mechanically Tunable Diffraction Gratings | p. 365 |
| Preparation of Azobenzene Thermoplastic Elastomers | p. 367 |
| Coupled Mechanical and Optical Effects | p. 369 |
| Elastic Diffraction Gratings Recorded Using a Photomask | p. 372 |
| Grating Formation Dynamics and Mechanisms | p. 376 |
| Electrically Tunable Diffraction Gratings | p. 381 |
| Use of Liquid Crystals | p. 381 |
| Grating Formation in Photosensitive Self-Assembled Liquid Crystal Gels | p. 382 |
| Electrical Switching | p. 387 |
| Optically Tunable Diffraction Gratings | p. 389 |
| Dynamic Holographic Gratings | p. 389 |
| Optically Tunable Diffraction Gratings in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals | p. 391 |
| Optically Switchable Reflection Gratings | p. 400 |
| Concluding Remarks and Perspectives | p. 404 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 406 |
| References | p. 406 |
| Azo Block Copolymers In The Solid State | p. 411 |
| Introduction | p. 411 |
| Preparation Method | p. 413 |
| Direct Polymerization of Azo Monomers | p. 413 |
| Polymer Analogue Reaction | p. 415 |
| Supramolecular Self-Assembly | p. 417 |
| Special Reactions | p. 419 |
| Properties | p. 419 |
| Basic Properties | p. 419 |
| Properties from Non-Azo Blocks | p. 423 |
| Properties Originating from Microphase Separation | p. 424 |
| Control of Microphase Separation | p. 426 |
| Thermal Annealing | p. 427 |
| Rubbing Method | p. 429 |
| Photoalignment | p. 433 |
| Electric Field | p. 435 |
| Magnetic Field | p. 436 |
| Shearing Flow and Other Methods | p. 437 |
| Applications | p. 438 |
| Enhancement of Surface Relief Gratings | p. 438 |
| Enhancement of Refractive Index Modulation | p. 441 |
| Nanotemplates | p. 441 |
| Volume Storage | p. 447 |
| Other Applications | p. 448 |
| Outlook | p. 448 |
| References | p. 450 |
| Photoresponsive Hybrid Silica Materials Containing Azobenzene Ligands | p. 457 |
| Introduction | p. 457 |
| Azobenzene-Containing Organosilanes | p. 458 |
| Synthesis and Photoisomerization of TSUA and BSUA | p. 459 |
| Crystallography of the TSUA Compound | p. 460 |
| Self-Directed Self-Assembly of the BSUA Compound | p. 462 |
| Photoresponsive Mesoporous Materials | p. 464 |
| Synthesis and Characterization of Photoresponsive Nanoporous Materials | p. 466 |
| Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Ligands in Mesoporous Materials | p. 473 |
| Photoswitched Azobenzene Nanovalves | p. 479 |
| Photocontrolled Release of Dye Molecules from Azobenzene-Modified Nanocomposite Particles | p. 489 |
| Reversible Photoswitching Li quid-Ad sorption of Azobenzene-Modified Mesoporous Silica Materials | p. 491 |
| Photoresponsive Polysilsesquioxane Gels | p. 493 |
| Azobenzene-Modified Polysilsesquioxanes for Photocontrol of Refractive Index | p. 493 |
| Azobenzene-Modified Polysilsesquioxane Gels for Optomechanical Devices | p. 494 |
| Future Work | p. 503 |
| References | p. 504 |
| Index | p. 509 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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