Nutrition Through the Life Cycle (with InfoTrac),9780534589899

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle (with InfoTrac)

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Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780534589899
ISBN10: 0534589898
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-07-15
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
List Price: $286.99

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Summary

One of the most respected nutrition life cycle texts in the higher education market, NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE, Second Edition uses current research to explain the nutritional foundations necessary for the growth, development, and normal functioning of individuals in each stage of the life span. From preconception to the final stages of life, this text covers clinical and nutritional interventions for each part of the life cycle. The text is organized systematically, with clinical nutrition topics following normal nutrition topics. The text maintains a consistent level of pedagogy throughout, highlighting key nutrition concepts, nutritional needs, nutrition and health disease outcomes, model programs, and case studies. Featuring an expert author team, this text benefits from a broad range of normal and clinical nutrition expertise from registered dietitians and researchers.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
Nutrition Basics
1(42)
Introduction
2(1)
Principles of the Science of Nutrition
2(28)
Essential and Nonessential Nutrients
3(1)
Dietary Intake Standards
3(1)
Carbohydrates
4(1)
Protein
5(1)
Fats (Lipids)
5(6)
Vitamins
11(1)
Other Substances in Food
11(8)
Minerals
19(8)
Water
27(3)
Nutritional Labeling
30(4)
Nutrition Facts Panel
30(1)
Ingredient Label
31(1)
Dietary Supplement Labeling
31(1)
Herbal Remedies
31(1)
Functional Foods
32(2)
Meeting Nutritional Needs across the Life Cycle
34(1)
Dietary Considerations Based on Ethnicity
34(1)
Dietary Considerations Based on Religion
35(1)
Nutritional Assessment
35(2)
Community-Level Assessment
35(1)
Individual-Level Nutritional Assessment
35(1)
Dietary Assessment
36(1)
Anthropometric Assessment
37(1)
Biochemical Assessment
37(1)
Public Food and Nutrition Programs
37(1)
WIC
37(1)
Nationwide Priorities for Improvements in Nutritional Health
38(5)
Food Intake Recommendations
38(5)
Preconception Nutrition
43(18)
Introduction
44(1)
Preconception Overview
44(1)
2010 Nutrition Objectives for the Nation Related to the Preconceptional Period
44(1)
Reproductive Physiology
45(3)
Female Reproductive System
45(2)
Male Reproductive System
47(1)
Sources Of Disruptions In Fertility
48(1)
Nutrition-Related Disruptions In Fertility
48(6)
Undernutrition and Fertility
48(2)
Body Fat and Fertility
50(1)
Questions
50(1)
Exercise and Infertility
51(1)
Diet and Fertility
51(1)
Other Factors Contributing to Infertility in Males
52(2)
Nutrition And Contraceptives
54(1)
Oral Contraceptives and Nutritional Status
54(1)
Contraceptive Injections
54(1)
Contraceptive Implants
54(1)
Contraceptive Patches
55(1)
Emerging Forms of Contraceptives
55(1)
Other Preconceptual Nutrition Concerns
55(2)
Very Early Pregnancy Nutrition Exposures
55(1)
Recommended Dietary Intakes for Preconceptional Women
56(1)
Model Preconceptional Nutrition Programs
57(4)
Preconceptional Benefits of WIC
57(1)
Decreasing Iron Deficiency in Preconceptional Women in Indonesia
57(1)
Preconception Care
57(4)
Preconception Nutrition
61(12)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
62(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome
62(1)
Caffeine Intake and PMS
62(1)
Exercise and Stress Reduction
62(1)
Magnesium, Calcium, and Vitamin B6 Supplements and PMS Symptoms
63(1)
Obesity and Fertility
63(1)
Central Body Fat and Fertility
63(1)
Weight Loss and Fertility
63(1)
Eating Disorders and Fertility
63(1)
Interventions for Women with Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa
64(1)
Diabetes Mellitus Prior to Pregnancy
64(3)
Questions
64(1)
A Closer Look at Insulin Resistance
65(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes
65(1)
Other Components of Nutrition Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes
66(1)
Reducing the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
66(1)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
67(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Women with PCOS
67(1)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
68(1)
PKU (Phenylketonuria)
68(1)
Nutrition Intervention for Women with PKU
68(1)
Celiac Disease
68(1)
Nutrition Management of Women with Celiac Disease
69(1)
Herbal Remedies for Fertility-Related Problems
69(4)
Questions
69(4)
Nutrition during Pregnancy
73(46)
Introduction
74(1)
The Status of Pregnancy Outcomes
74(2)
Infant Mortality
74(2)
Low Birthweight, Preterm Delivery, and Infant Mortality
76(1)
Reducing Infant Mortality and Morbidity
76(1)
Health Objectives for the Year 2010
77(1)
Physiology of Pregnancy
77(5)
Maternal Physiology
77(1)
Normal Physiological Changes During Pregnancy
78(3)
The Placenta
81(1)
Embryonic and Fetal Growth and Development
82(7)
Critical Periods of Growth and Development
83(2)
Fetal Body Composition
85(1)
Variation in Fetal Growth
85(1)
Nutrition, Miscarriages, and Preterm Delivery
86(1)
The Fetal Origins Hypothesis of Chronic Disease Risk
87(1)
How Is Disease Risk Increased in Utero?
87(1)
Other In Utero Exposures That May Be Related to Later Disease Risk
88(1)
Limitations of the Fetal Origins Hypothesis
88(1)
Pregnancy Weight Gain
89(3)
Pregnancy Weight Gain Recommendations
89(1)
Composition of Weight Gain in Pregnancy
90(1)
Postpartum Weight Retention
90(2)
Nutrition and the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy
92(14)
Famine and Pregnancy Outcome
92(1)
Contemporary Prenatal Nutrition Research Results
93(1)
Energy Requirement in Pregnancy
93(2)
Carbohydrate Intake during Pregnancy
95(1)
Alcohol and Pregnancy Outcome
95(1)
Protein Requirement
96(1)
Vegetarian Diets in Pregnancy
96(1)
Maternal Intake of Essential Fatty Acids and Pregnancy Outcome
97(2)
The Need for Water During Pregnancy
99(1)
Questions
99(1)
Folate and Pregnancy Outcome
100(1)
Folate and Congenital Abnormalities
100(2)
Vitamin A and Pregnancy Outcome
102(1)
Vitamin D Requirement
102(1)
Calcium Requirements in Pregnancy
103(1)
Fluoride
103(1)
Iron Status and the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy
103(3)
Zinc Requirement in Pregnancy
106(1)
Iodine and Pregnancy Outcome
106(1)
The Need for Sodium During Pregnancy
106(1)
Caffeine Use in Pregnancy
106(1)
Healthy Diets for Pregnancy
106(4)
Effect of Taste and Smell Changes on Dietary Intake during Pregnancy
107(1)
Pica
107(1)
Assessment of Dietary Intake during Pregnancy
107(1)
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation during Pregnancy
108(1)
Herbal Remedies and Pregnancy
109(1)
Exercise and Pregnancy Outcome
110(1)
Exercise Recommendations for Pregnant Women
110(1)
Food Safety Issues during Pregnancy
110(1)
Mercury Contamination
111(1)
Common Health Problems during Pregnancy
111(1)
Nausea and Vomiting
111(1)
Heartburn
112(1)
Constipation
112(1)
Model Nutrition Programs for Risk Reduction in Pregnancy
112(7)
The Montreal Diet Dispensary
112(1)
The WIC Program
113(6)
Nutrition during Pregnancy
119(24)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
120(1)
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
120(5)
Chronic Hypertension
121(1)
Gestational Hypertension
121(1)
Preeclampsia-Eclampsia
121(3)
Preeclampsia Case Presentation
124(1)
Nutritional Recommendations and Interventions for Preeclampsia
124(1)
Diabetes in Pregnancy
125(9)
Gestational Diabetes
125(1)
Questions
125(2)
Consequences of Poorly Controlled Gestational Diabetes
127(1)
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes
127(1)
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
127(1)
Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
128(1)
Presentation of a Case Study
129(1)
Exercise Benefits and Recommendations
129(1)
Nutritional Management of Women with Gestational Diabetes
129(2)
Consumption of Foods with a Low Glycemic Index
131(1)
Questions
131(1)
Postpartum Follow-up
132(1)
Prevention of Gestational Diabetes
132(1)
Type I Diabetes during Pregnancy
132(2)
Multifetal Pregnancies
134(4)
Background Information about Multiple Fetuses
134(1)
Risks Associated with Multifetal Pregnancy
134(1)
Interventions and Services for Risk Reduction
135(1)
Nutrition and the Outcome of Multifetal Pregnancy
136(1)
Dietary Intake in Twin Pregnancy
136(1)
Nutritional Recommendations for Women with Multifetal Pregnancy
137(1)
HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy
138(1)
Treatment of HIV/AIDS
138(1)
Consequences of HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy
138(1)
Nutritional Factors and HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy
138(1)
Nutritional Management of Women with HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy
138(1)
Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
139(1)
Consequences of Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
139(1)
Treatment of Women with Eating Disorders during Pregnancy
139(1)
Nutritional Interventions for Women with Eating Disorders
139(1)
Nutritional and Adolescent Pregnancy
139(1)
Growth during Adolescent Pregnancy
140(1)
Dietary Recommendations for Pregnant Adolescents
140(1)
Evidence-Based Practice
140(3)
Nutrition during Lactation
143(30)
Introduction
144(1)
Benefits of Breastfeeding
144(2)
Breastfeeding Benefits for Mothers
144(1)
Breastfeeding Benefits for Infants
144(2)
Breastfeeding Goals for the United States
146(1)
Lactation Physiology
147(2)
Functional Unit of the Mammary Gland
147(1)
Mammary Gland Development
147(1)
Lactogenesis
147(1)
Hormonal Control of Lactation
148(1)
Secretion of Milk
148(1)
The Letdown Reflex
149(1)
Breast Milk Supply and Demand
149(2)
Can Women Make Enough Milk?
149(1)
Does the Size of the Breast Limit a Woman's Ability to Nurse Her Infant?
150(1)
Is Feeding Frequency Related to the Amount of Milk a Woman Can Make?
150(1)
Pumping or Expressing Milk
150(1)
Can Women Breastfeed after Breast Reduction or Augmentation Surgery?
150(1)
Does Silicone from Breast Implants Leach into the Milk?
150(1)
Human Milk Composition
151(3)
Colostrum
151(1)
Water
151(1)
Energy
151(1)
Lipids
151(1)
Protein
152(1)
Milk Carbohydrates
152(1)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
152(1)
Water-Soluble Vitamins
153(1)
Minerals in Human Milk
153(1)
Taste of Human Milk
154(1)
The Breastfeeding Infant
154(3)
Optimal Duration of Breastfeeding
154(1)
Reflexes
154(1)
Breastfeeding Positioning
154(1)
Identifying Hunger and Satiety
155(1)
Feeding Frequency
155(1)
Identifying Breastfeeding Malnutrition
155(1)
Infant Supplements
156(1)
Tooth Decay
156(1)
Questions
156(1)
Maternal Diet
157(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
157(1)
Maternal Energy Balance and Milk Composition
158(2)
Maternal Weight Loss during Breastfeeding
158(1)
Exercise and Breastfeeding
159(1)
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
159(1)
Functional Foods
159(1)
Fluids
159(1)
Alternative Diets
159(1)
Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration
160(1)
Breastfeeding Promotion, Facilitation, and Support
160(5)
Role of the Health Care System in Supporting Breastfeeding
160(1)
Prenatal Breastfeeding Education and Support
160(2)
Lactation Support in Hospitals and Birthing Centers
162(1)
Lactation Support after Discharge
162(1)
The Workplace
162(2)
The Community
164(1)
Public Food and Nutrition Programs
165(1)
National Breastfeeding Policy
165(1)
USDA WIC Program
165(1)
Model Breastfeeding Promotion Programs
166(7)
WIC National Breastfeeding Promotion Project---Loving Support Makes Breastfeeding Work
166(1)
Wellstart International
167(6)
Nutrition and Lactation
173(26)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
174(1)
Common Breastfeeding Conditions
174(3)
Sore Nipples
174(1)
Letdown Failure
174(1)
Overactive Letdown
174(1)
Engorgement
175(1)
Plugged Duct
175(1)
Infection
175(1)
Questions
176(1)
Maternal Medications
177(1)
Herbal Remedies
178(2)
Specific Herbs Used in the United States
180(1)
Alcohol and Other Drugs
180(3)
Alcohol
180(1)
Nicotine (Smoking Cigarettes)
181(1)
Marijuana
182(1)
Caffeine
182(1)
Other Drugs of Abuse
183(1)
Environmental Exposures
183(1)
Neonatal Jaundice and Kernicterus
183(4)
Bilirubin Metabolism
184(1)
Physiologic versus Pathologic Newborn Jaundice
184(1)
Hyperbilirubinemia and Breastfeeding
185(2)
Treatment for Jaundice
187(1)
Information for Parents
187(1)
Breastfeeding Multiples
187(1)
Infant Allergies
188(1)
Food Intolerance
189(1)
Near-Term Infants
189(1)
Human Milk and Preterm Infants
189(2)
Questions
190(1)
Medical Contraindications to Breastfeeding
191(2)
Breastfeeding and HIV Infection
191(2)
Human Milk Collection and Storage
193(1)
Milk Banking
193(1)
Model Programs
193(6)
Loving Support for a Bright Future Breastfeeding Support Kits
193(1)
Breastfeeding Promotion in Physicians' Office Practices
194(1)
The Rush Mothers' Milk Club
194(5)
Infant Nutrition
199(24)
Introduction
200(1)
Assessing Newborn Health
200(1)
Birthweight As an Outcome
200(1)
Infant Mortality
200(1)
Combating Infant Mortality
200(1)
Standard Newborn Growth Assessment
201(1)
Infant Development
201(3)
Motor Development
201(1)
Critical Periods
201(1)
Cognitive Development
202(1)
Digestive System Development
202(1)
Parenting
203(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
204(2)
Caloric Needs
204(1)
Protein Needs
204(1)
Fats
205(1)
Metabolic Rate, Calories, Fats, and Protein---How Do They All Tie Together?
205(1)
Other Nutrients and Nonnutrients
205(1)
Physical Growth Assessment
206(2)
Interpretation of Growth Data
207(1)
Feeding in Early Infancy
208(1)
Breast Milk and Formula
208(1)
Cow's Milk during Infancy
208(1)
Development of Infant Feeding Skills
209(6)
Introduction of Solid Foods
211(1)
The Importance of Infant Feeding Position
211(1)
Preparing for Drinking from a Cup
212(1)
Questions
212(1)
Food Texture and Development
213(1)
First Food
213(1)
Inappropriate and Unsafe Food Choices
213(1)
Water
214(1)
How Much Food Is Enough for Infants?
215(1)
How Infants Learn Food Preferences
215(1)
Nutrition Guidance
215(1)
Infants and Exercise
216(1)
Supplements for Infants
216(1)
Common Nutritional Problems and Concerns
216(3)
Failure to Thrive
216(1)
Nutrition Intervention for Failure to Thrive
217(1)
Colic
217(1)
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
218(1)
Diarrhea and Constipation
218(1)
Prevention of Baby-Bottle Caries and Ear Infections
218(1)
Food Allergies and Intolerances
219(1)
Lactose Intolerance
219(1)
Cross-Cultural Considerations
219(1)
Vegetarian Diets
220(1)
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
220(3)
Model Program: Newborn Screening and Expanded Newborn Screening
220(1)
WIC
220(3)
Infant Nutrition
223(18)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
224(1)
Infants at Risk
224(1)
Families of Infants with Special Health Care Needs
225(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
225(2)
Energy Needs
225(1)
Protein Requirements
225(1)
Fats
226(1)
Vitamins and Minerals
226(1)
Growth
227(2)
Growth in Preterm Infants
227(1)
Does Intrauterine Growth Predict Growth Outside?
228(1)
Interpretation of Growth
229(1)
Common Nutritional Problems
229(2)
Nutrition Risks to Development
229(2)
Severe Preterm Birth and Nutrition
231(2)
How Sick Babies Are Fed
231(1)
What to Feed Preterm Infants
231(1)
Preterm Infants and Feeding
232(1)
Infants with Congenital Anomalies and Chronic Illness
233(4)
Questions
234(1)
Infants with Genetic Disorders
235(1)
Questions
236(1)
Feeding Problems
237(1)
Nutrition Interventions
237(1)
Nutrition Services
238(3)
Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition
241(28)
Introduction
242(1)
Definitions of the Life-Cycle Stage
242(1)
Importance of Nutrition
242(1)
Tracking Toddler and Preschooler Health
242(1)
Healthy People 2010
242(1)
Normal Growth and Development
242(2)
The 2000 CDC Growth Charts
243(1)
Common Problems with Measuring and Plotting Growth Data
244(1)
Physiological and Cognitive Development
244(7)
Toddlers
244(3)
Preschool Age Children
247(1)
Questions
247(2)
Temperament Differences
249(1)
Food Preference Development, Appetite, and Satiety
249(2)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
251(1)
Energy Needs
251(1)
Protein
251(1)
Vitamins and Minerals
251(1)
Common Nutrition Problems
251(4)
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
251(2)
Dental Caries
253(1)
Constipation
253(1)
Lead Poisoning
254(1)
Food Security
254(1)
Food Safety
255(1)
Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders
255(2)
Overweight and Obesity in Toddlers and Preschoolers
255(1)
Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity
256(1)
Nutrition and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Toddlers and Preschoolers
256(1)
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
256(1)
Herbal Supplements
257(1)
Dietary and Physical Activity Recommendations
257(6)
Dietary Guidelines
257(1)
Food Guide Pyramid
258(1)
Recommendations for Intake of Iron, Fiber, Fat, and Calcium
258(2)
Fluids
260(1)
Recommended versus Actual Food Intake
261(1)
Cross-Cultural Considerations
261(1)
Vegetarian Diets
262(1)
Child Care Nutrition Standards
263(1)
Physical Activity Recommendations
263(1)
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
263(1)
Model Program
263(1)
Public Food and Nutrition Programs
264(5)
WIC
264(1)
WIC's Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
264(1)
Head Start and Early Head Start
264(1)
Food Stamps
264(5)
Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition
269(13)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
270(1)
Who Are Children with Special Health Care Needs?
270(1)
Nutrition Needs of Toddlers and Preschoolers with Chronic Conditions
271(1)
Growth Assessment
271(1)
Feeding Problems
272(3)
Behavioral Feeding Problems
273(1)
Excessive Fluid Intake
273(1)
Feeding Problems and Food Safety
273(1)
Feeding Problems from Disabilities Involving Neuromuscular Control
274(1)
Questions
274(1)
Nutrition-Related Conditions
275(3)
Failure to Thrive
275(1)
Toddler Diarrhea and Celiac Disease
275(1)
Autism
275(1)
Muscle Coordination Problems and Cerebral Palsy
276(1)
Pulmonary Problems
276(1)
Questions
277(1)
Developmental Delay and Evaluations
278(1)
Food Allergies and Intolerance
278(1)
Dietary Supplements and Herbal Remedies
279(1)
Sources of Nutrition Services
279(3)
Child and Preadolescent Nutrition
282(25)
Introduction
282(1)
Definitions of the Life-Cycle Stage
282(1)
Importance of Nutrition
282(1)
Tracking Child and Preadolescent Health
282(1)
Healthy People 2010
283(1)
Normal Growth and Development
283(1)
The 2000 CDC Growth Charts
283(1)
Physiological and Cognitive Development of School-Age Children
284(4)
Physiological Development
284(2)
Cognitive Development
286(1)
Development of Feeding Skills
286(2)
Energy and Nutrient Needs of School-Age Children
288(1)
Energy Needs
288(1)
Protein
288(1)
Vitamins and Minerals
288(1)
Common Nutrition Problems
288(1)
Iron Deficiency
288(1)
Dental Caries
289(1)
Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders in School-Age Children
289(4)
Overweight and Obesity in School-Age Children
289(2)
Prevention of Overweight and Obesity
291(1)
Nutrition and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in School-Age Children
291(1)
Questions
292(1)
Dietary Supplements
293(1)
Dietary Recommendations
293(4)
Recommendations for Intake of Iron, Fiber, Fat, and Calcium
293(1)
Recommended versus Actual Food Intake
294(2)
Cross-Cultural Considerations
296(1)
Vegetarian Diets
296(1)
Physical Activity Recommendations
297(1)
Recommendations versus Actual Activity
297(1)
Determinants of Physical Activity
297(1)
Organized Sports
298(1)
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
298(3)
Nutrition Integrity in Schools
299(1)
Model Programs
299(1)
Model Program: High 5 Alabama
300(1)
Public Food and Nutrition Programs
301(6)
The National School Lunch Program
301(1)
School Breakfast Program
302(1)
Summer Food Service Program
303(1)
Team Nutrition
303(4)
Child and Preadolescent Nutrition
307(18)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
308(1)
``Children Are Children First''---What Does That Mean?
308(1)
Nutritional Requirements of Children with Special Health Care Needs
309(1)
Energy Needs
309(1)
Protein Needs
309(1)
Other Nutrients
309(1)
Growth Assessment
310(1)
Growth Assessment and Interpretation in Children with Chronic Conditions
310(1)
Body Composition and Growth
310(1)
Nutrition Recommendations
311(3)
Questions
312(1)
Methods of Meeting Nutritional Requirements
313(1)
Fluids
314(1)
Eating and Feeding Problems in Children with Special Health Care Needs
314(6)
Specific Disorders
315(5)
Dietary Supplements and Herbal Remedies
320(1)
Sources of Nutrition Services
320(5)
USDA Child Nutrition Program
320(1)
Maternal and Child Health Block Program of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
320(1)
Public Schools Regulations: 504 Accommodation and IDEA
320(1)
Questions
321(1)
Nutrition Intervention Model Program
322(3)
Adolescent Nutrition
325(28)
Introduction
326(1)
Nutritional Needs in a Time of Change
326(1)
Normal Physical Growth and Development
326(3)
Changes in Weight, Body Composition, and Skeletal Mass
328(1)
Normal Psychosocial Development
329(1)
Health and Eating-Related Behaviors during Adolescence
330(4)
Vegetarian Diets
331(2)
Dietary Intake and Adequacy among Adolescents
333(1)
Questions
333(1)
Energy and Nutrient Requirements of Adolescents
334(6)
Energy
335(1)
Protein
336(1)
Carbohydrates
336(1)
Dietary Fiber
336(1)
Fat
337(1)
Calcium
337(1)
Iron
338(1)
Zinc
339(1)
Folate
339(1)
Vitamin A
339(1)
Vitamin E
340(1)
Vitamin C
340(1)
Nutrition Screening, Assessment, and Interventions
340(5)
Nutrition Education and Counseling
341(4)
Physical Activity and Sports
345(3)
Factors Affecting Physical Activity
346(2)
Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors
348(5)
Effective Nutrition Messages for Youth
348(1)
Parent Involvement
348(1)
School Programs
348(2)
Community Involvement in Nutritionally Supportive Environments
350(1)
Model Nutrition Program
350(3)
Adolescent Nutrition
353(26)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
354(1)
Overweight and Obesity
354(2)
Health Implications of Adolescent Overweight
355(1)
Special Concerns among Adolescent Athletes
356(4)
Fluids and Hydration
356(1)
Special Dietary Practices
357(1)
Questions
358(1)
Part Two
359(1)
Questions
359(1)
Dietary Supplements
360(1)
Adolescent Pregnancy
360(3)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
360(2)
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
362(1)
Pregnancy Weight Gain
362(1)
Substance Use
363(1)
Dietary Supplements
364(1)
Vitamin-Mineral Supplements
364(1)
Herbal Remedies
364(1)
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
364(1)
Hypertension
365(1)
Hyperlipidemia
366(1)
Eating Disorders
366(7)
The Continuum of Eating Concerns and Disorders
366(1)
Prevalence of Eating Disorders
366(1)
Anorexia Nervosa
366(2)
Bulimia Nervosa
368(1)
Binge-Eating Disorder
368(1)
Other Disordered Eating Behaviors
368(1)
Dieting Behaviors
369(1)
Body Dissatisfaction
370(1)
Etiology of Eating Disorders
370(1)
Treating Eating Disorders
371(1)
Preventing Eating Disorders
371(2)
Eating Disorders among Adolescents: Summing Things Up
373(1)
Children and Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions
373(6)
Adult Nutrition
379(26)
Introduction
380(1)
Definition of Adulthood in the Life Cycle
380(1)
Importance of Nutrition
380(1)
Year 2010 Health Objectives
380(1)
Physiological Changes of Adulthood
380(4)
Physiological Changes in Males: Climacteric
381(1)
Physiological Changes in Females: Menopause
381(1)
Nutritional Remedies for Symptoms of Menopause
382(1)
Benefits of Dietary Phytoestrogens
382(1)
Disadvantages of Adding Phytoestrogens to the Diet
383(1)
Other Alternatives
383(1)
Maintaining a Healthy Body
384(4)
Energy for Weight Management
384(1)
Determining Energy Needs
384(1)
Energy for Weight Change
385(1)
Actual Energy Intake
385(1)
Achieving Wellness: Linking Food, Nutrition, and Disease
386(1)
Diet and Health
387(1)
Dietary Recommendations
388(4)
Dietary Recommendations to Combat Nutritional Concerns
388(1)
Food Advice
388(1)
The Pyramid
389(1)
Food Advice Reflects Cultural Food Patterns
389(1)
Alcohol: Food, Drug, and Nutrient
390(1)
Fluids
391(1)
Diuretic Effects of Caffeine and Alcohol
391(1)
International Guidance Related to Fluids
392(1)
Nutrient Recommendations
392(8)
Nutrients of Public Health Concern
392(2)
Actual Intake of Food
394(1)
Supplements: Vitamins and Minerals
395(1)
Supplements: Herbal Products
395(1)
Cross-Cultural Considerations
395(2)
Cross-Cultural Dietary Guidance
397(1)
Vegetarian Diets
397(2)
Questions
399(1)
Physical Activity Recommendations
400(1)
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
400(5)
A Model Health-Promotion Program
400(1)
Public Food and Nutrition Programs
400(1)
Nutrition and Health Promotion
401(4)
Adult Nutrition
405(14)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
406(1)
Cancer
406(1)
Definition
406(1)
Prevalence/Etiology
406(1)
Risk Factors
406(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Cancer
406(1)
Alternative Medicine and Cancer Treatment
406(1)
Cardiovascular Diseases: Coronary Heart Disease
407(3)
Etiology of CHD
407(1)
Effects of CHD
408(1)
Risk Factors for CHD
408(1)
Nutrition Interventions for CHD
408(1)
Questions
409(1)
Dietary Supplements and CHD
410(1)
Overweight and Obesity
410(2)
Definition of Overweight and Obesity
410(1)
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity
411(1)
Etiology of Overweight and Obesity
411(1)
Effects of Overweight and Obesity
411(1)
Nutritional Interventions for Overweight and Obesity
411(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
412(2)
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus
412(1)
Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus
413(1)
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus
413(1)
Questions
413(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes
414(1)
HIV/AIDS
414(5)
Definition
414(1)
Prevalence
415(1)
Etiology
415(1)
Effects
415(1)
Nutrition Interventions
415(4)
Nutrition and the Elderly
419(32)
Introduction
420(1)
What Counts as Old?
420(1)
Food Matters: Nutrition Contributes to a Long and Healthy Life
420(1)
A Picture of the Aging Population: Vital Statistics
421(1)
Global Population Trends: Life Expectancy and Life Span
421(1)
Nutrition: A Component of Health Objectives for the Older Adult Population
422(1)
Theories of Aging
422(2)
Programmed Aging
423(1)
Wear-and-Tear Theories of Aging
423(1)
Calorie Restriction and Longevity
423(1)
Physiological Changes
424(2)
Body Composition Changes
424(1)
Changing Sensual Awareness: Taste and Smell, Chewing and Swallowing, Appetite and Thirst
425(1)
Nutritional Risk Factors
426(3)
Dietary Recommendations
429(2)
Food-Based Guidance: The Pyramid
429(1)
Actual Food Group Intake
430(1)
Eating Occasions
430(1)
Nutrient Recommendations
431(10)
Estimating Energy Needs
431(1)
Nutrient Recommendations: Macro- and Micronutrients of Concern
432(2)
Recommendations for Fluid
434(1)
Age-Associated Changes in Metabolism: Nutrients of Concern
434(2)
Low Dietary Intake: Nutrients of Concern
436(1)
Nutrient Supplements: Why, When, Who, What, and How Much?
437(1)
Dietary Supplements, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals: Special Interest for Older Adults
438(2)
Nutrient Recommendations: Using the Food Label
440(1)
Cross-Cultural Considerations in Making Dietary Recommendations
440(1)
Food Safety and Diet Recommendations
441(1)
Physical Activity Recommendations
441(2)
Exercise Guidelines
442(1)
Nutrition Policy and Intervention for Risk Reduction
443(2)
Nutrition Education
443(1)
Questions
443(1)
Model Programs Exemplify Intervention Goals
444(1)
Community Food and Nutrition Programs
445(6)
Elderly Nutrition Programs
445(1)
Senior Nutrition Program
445(1)
The Promise of Prevention: Health Promotion
446(5)
Nutrition and the Elderly
451(1)
Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
452(1)
Nutrition and Health
452(1)
Nutrition and Oral Health
452(1)
Heart Disease/Cardiovascular Disease
453(1)
Risk Factors
453(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Cardiovascular Diseases
453(1)
Stroke
453(2)
Effects of Stroke
454(1)
Risk Factors for Stroke
454(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Stroke
455(1)
Hypertension
455(2)
Effects of Hypertension
456(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Hypertension
456(1)
Questions
456(1)
Cancer
457(1)
Effects of Cancer
457(1)
Risk Factors for Cancer
457(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Cancer
458(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
458(3)
Effects of Diabetes
459(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Diabetes
460(1)
Metabolic Syndrome
461(1)
Obesity
461(1)
Osteoporosis
462(4)
Etiology of Osteoporosis
462(1)
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
463(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Osteoporosis
464(2)
Gastrointestinal Diseases
466(3)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
466(2)
Constipation
468(1)
Inflammatory Diseases
469(1)
Etiology of Inflammatory Diseases
469(1)
Effects of Inflammatory Diseases
469(1)
Risk Factors for Inflammatory Diseases
469(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Inflammatory Diseases
469(1)
Traditional and Alternative Therapies
470(1)
Effects of Medications
470(1)
Mental Health and Cognitive Disorders
470(2)
Etiology of Cognitive Disorders
470(1)
Effects of Cognitive Disorders
470(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Cognitive Disorders
471(1)
Low Body Weight/Underweight
472(1)
Etiology of Underweight
472(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Underweight
472(1)
Dehydration
473(2)
Etiology of Dehydration
473(1)
Questions
473(1)
Effects of Dehydration
474(1)
Nutrition Interventions for Dehydration
474(1)
Bereavement
475
Appendix A CDC Growth Charts 1(8)
Appendix B Nutrient Intakes of Adults Aged 70 and Older 9(2)
Appendix C Measurement Abbreviations and Equivalents 11(2)
Appendix D Case Study Questions and Answers 13(12)
Appendix E Body Mass Index (BMI) 25
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1

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