Interconnecting the Network of Networks

by
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-06-04
Publisher(s): Mit Pr
List Price: $12.75

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Summary

This book describes the transformation of telecommunications from national network monopolies to a new system, the network of networks, and the glue that holds it together, interconnection. By their very nature, monopoly-owned networks provided a small number of standardized, nationwide services. Over the past two decades, however, new forces in the world economy began to unravel this traditional system. The driving force behind the change was the shift toward an information-based economy. Especially for large organizations, the price, control, security, and reliability of telecommunications became variables requiring organized attention. Thus, monopoly began to give way to the "network of networks," the foundation of today's telecommunications and Internet infrastructure. Taking a broad, multidisciplinary perspective Eli Noam discusses the importance and history of interconnection policy, as well as recent policy reforms both within the United States and around the globe. Other important topics he discusses include interconnection prices, the unbundling of interconnection, and the technology of interconnection. He concludes with an examination of social and policy issues, including the free flow of content, universal service and privacy protection, and the future of telecommunications.

Author Biography

Eli M. Noam is Professor of Finance and Economics at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business and Director of the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xi
Interconnection as the Key to the Network of Networks
1(16)
Breakdown of the Centralized Network and Emergence the Network of Networks
1(9)
Concept of Network
6(1)
Breakup of Networks
7(3)
Why Regulate Interconnection?
10(4)
Antimonopoly Rationale
11(2)
Transaction Cost Rationale
13(1)
Regulation of Interconnection and Unbundling in a Competitive Market
14(2)
Consequence of Interconnection on the Network System
16(1)
Interconnection as Tool for the Creation of Monopoly
17(10)
Period of No Agreements in the United States
17(1)
Period of Contracted Agreements
18(1)
Road to Regulated Interconnection
18(3)
Establishment of a Regulatory System
21(1)
Early History of Interconnection in Europe
22(5)
Sweden
22(1)
Norway
23(1)
United Kingdom
23(4)
Interconnection Policy as Tool to Establish Competition an Control Markets
27(42)
Reciprocity and Symmetry
27(3)
United States: The Regulatory Bodies
30(2)
Equipment Interconnection: The Beginning of Interconnection as a Tool for Competition
32(3)
Long-Distance Interconnection and the Demise of the Bell System
35(3)
U.S. System of Access Charges
38(8)
Exchange Network Facilities for Interstate Access
39(1)
Equal Access, 1984 to 1994
40(3)
Interconnection Regime after the 1996 Telecommunications Act
43(3)
Mobile Interconnection
46(2)
Local Competition and Interconnection
48(6)
Local Interconnection-Virtual or Physical Collocation
49(3)
Local Interconnection-The FCC
52(2)
The 1996 Telecommunications Act
54(4)
Cable Television Interconnection
58(5)
Internet Interconnection
63(6)
Pricing of Interconnection and Access
69(48)
Unregulated Pricing of Interconnection
69(6)
Regulated Pricing of Interconnection
75(29)
Zero-Charge (Bill-and-Keep) and Lump-Sum Payments
76(2)
Average Cost Pricing
78(1)
Fully Distributed Cost Pricing, Two-Part Tariffs, and Capacity Pricing
78(2)
Price Caps
80(1)
Ramsey Pricing (Optimal Price Discrimination)
80(1)
Wholesale Pricing
81(5)
Efficient Component Pricing
86(8)
Marginal Cost Pricing
94(10)
Costs of Interconnection
104(7)
Arbitrage Model Pricing: Third-Party Neutrality
111(2)
Assessment
113(4)
Interconnection around the World
117(52)
International Interconnection
117(12)
Traditional ITU System
117(2)
Intelsat
119(1)
Submarine Cables
120(1)
Accounting Rate System
121(7)
European Commission
128(1)
Open Network Provision in Europe
129(5)
World Trade Organization Agreement
134(4)
United Kingdom
138(6)
Mercury Interconnection
139(1)
Duopoly Review and the Access Deficit Contribution Debate
140(1)
Cost Separation and Unbundling
141(3)
Germany
144(2)
France
146(3)
Japan
149(4)
Long-Distance Competition without Definite Interconnection Rules, 1985 to 1991
150(1)
Interconnection Reforms
150(1)
Designated Facility Rule
151(1)
Holding Company System and LRIC
152(1)
Korea
153(1)
India
154(2)
Mexico
156(3)
Canada
159(1)
Australia
160(2)
New Zealand
162(5)
Concluding Observations
167(2)
Unbundling the Network
169(16)
Why Unbundling?
169(5)
Open Network Architecture
174(11)
Emergence
174(5)
ONA Unbundling
179(3)
Unbundling Under the 1996 Telecommunications Act
182(3)
Interconnection and Technology
185(26)
Physical Interconnection
185(13)
Technical Interconnection: An Introduction
185(2)
Interconnection of Telephone Networks
187(2)
Interconnection of Cellular Mobile Networks
189(1)
Interconnection of Data Networks
190(4)
Network Management and Control
194(2)
Signaling
196(2)
Standardization
198(4)
Service Quality
202(2)
Numbering and Portability
204(7)
Telephone Numbering
204(2)
Number Portability
206(5)
Interconnection and the Flow of Content
211(20)
Legal Regimes for Information Flow
211(2)
Evolution of Common Carriage
213(4)
Common Carrier Determination
214(1)
Unreasonable Discrimination
214(1)
Common Carriage and Interconnection: What Does the Future Hold?
215(2)
Impending Doom of Common Carriage
217(6)
Media Conduits as Private Carriage
217(2)
Private Contract Carriage
219(4)
A Mixed System?
223(2)
Third-Party Neutrality as a Substitute for Common Carriage
225(2)
Interconnection Status of Cable Television
227(2)
Access to Telco High-Speed Service
229(2)
Social Issues in the Interconnected Network: Universal Service and Privacy
231(16)
Universal Service
231(9)
Reforming Universal Service
231(1)
Financing Today's Universal Service System
232(2)
Financing the Universal Service System: Options for Reform
234(3)
NetTrans Account System
237(2)
The FCC's Universal Service Reform
239(1)
Privacy in the Network of Networks
240(7)
Emerging Privacy Problems
240(2)
Policy Approaches
242(1)
Markets in Privacy?
243(4)
Into the Future
247(16)
Emerging Network Technology
247(1)
Transformation of Networks
248(5)
From Interconnection to Modularization
248(1)
From Modularization to Integration and Personal Networks
249(3)
From Integration to Reorganization
252(1)
Future of Regulation in the Network of Networks
253(2)
Expansion of Redistribution
254(1)
Expansion of Consumer Protection Regulation
254(1)
Privacy Protection
255(1)
Legacy Rules
255(1)
Regulating Interconnection?
255(5)
Societal Interconnectivity
260(3)
Notes 263(30)
Bibliography 293(20)
Index 313

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