Grassroots Medicine The Story of America's Free Health Clinics,9780742540705

Grassroots Medicine The Story of America's Free Health Clinics

by
ISBN13: 9780742540705
ISBN10: 0742540707
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-03-30
Publisher(s): Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
List Price: $53.00

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Summary

Grass Roots Medicine describes the emergence of free health clinics in the late 1960s and early 1970s and examines the important transformations that have occurred since the mid-1980s. The book is based on more than 100 interviews with key individuals in the free health clinic movement and shares their comments with readers.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
An Introduction to America's Free Health Clinics
1(20)
Common Traits of Free Health Clinics
2(19)
Community-Based
3(1)
Community-Started
3(2)
Community-Directed
5(2)
Community-Funded
7(1)
Community-Supported
8(1)
Private and Nonprofit
9(2)
Volunteer-Driven
11(2)
Services Offered for Free or Token Payment
13(2)
Emphasis on Compassionate Care and Patient Dignity
15(2)
Targeted on At-Risk Groups
17(4)
The Emergence of Free Health Clinics
21(26)
The Social and Cultural Background
21(3)
The Early Free Clinics
24(4)
Types of Free Clinics
25(1)
Characteristics of the Early Hippie Drug Clinics
25(1)
Characteristics of the Early Neighborhood Clinics (Minority)
26(1)
The Struggles of the Early Free Clinics
27(1)
Five Early Free Clinics
28(19)
The Haight-Ashbury Free Clinics (San Francisco, California)
28(1)
The Founding of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic
28(4)
The Development of the Clinic
32(1)
The Free Clinics Today
33(1)
The Los Angeles Free Clinic (Los Angeles, California)
33(1)
The Founding of the Clinic
33(1)
The Development of the Clinic
34(1)
The Free Clinic Today
35(1)
The Berkeley Free Clinic (Berkeley, California)
36(1)
The Founding of the Clinic
36(3)
The Development of the Clinic
39(1)
The Clinic Today
39(1)
The Free Clinic of Greater Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio)
40(1)
The Founding of the Clinic
40(1)
The Development of the Clinic
41(1)
The Clinic Today
42(1)
The Bradley Free Clinic (Roanoke, Virginia)
43(1)
The Founding of the Clinic
43(3)
The Development of the Clinic
46(1)
The Free Clinic Today
46(1)
The First Transformation in Free Health Clinics: An Increased Focus on the Uninsured and Working Poor
47(28)
The Early Years
47(1)
The Shift in Focus to the Uninsured and Working Poor
48(2)
Background of the Need
50(6)
The United States Health Care System in Global Perspective
50(2)
The United States Health Care System
52(1)
Public Insurance Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children's Health Insurance Program
53(1)
Medicare
53(2)
Medicaid
55(1)
The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
56(1)
Key Problems in the United States Health Care System
56(6)
Huge and Rapidly Increasing Health Care Costs
56(1)
The Large Number of Uninsured Americans
57(5)
America's Uninsured Population
62(5)
Who are the Uninsured?
62(2)
Who are the Working Poor?
64(1)
The Definition of Poverty
64(1)
Low-Wage, No-Insurance Jobs
65(1)
Forecast for the Number of Uninsured
66(1)
The Consequences of Not Having Health Insurance
67(1)
Free Clinic Patients
68(7)
Background Characteristics
68(1)
Age
68(1)
Gender
69(1)
Income
69(1)
Race and Ethnicity
69(1)
Occupation
70(1)
Genuine Need for Services
71(4)
The Second Transformation in Free Health Clinics: The Shift to the Medical Mainstream
75(20)
The Early Years
75(2)
The Shift to the Medical Mainstream
77(7)
Change in Patient Population
77(1)
Best Interest of Patients
78(3)
Increased Stability of Clinics
81(1)
Greater Contributions to the Health Care System
82(2)
Community Receptivity to Free Health Clinics
84(11)
Community-Wide Perception of Problem
84(1)
Effectiveness of Free Health Clinics in Addressing the Problem
85(4)
Nonduplication of Services
89(3)
Efficient Use of Hospital Services
92(3)
The Third Transformation in Free Health Clinics: The Move Toward Collective Organization
95(24)
The Early Years
95(1)
The Rise of the National Free Clinic Council
96(4)
The Fall of the National Free Clinic Council
100(2)
Years of Isolation
102(2)
Organizing at the State and Regional Levels
104(5)
The Virginia Association of Free Clinics (VAFC)
104(3)
The North Carolina Association of Free Clinics (NCAFC)
107(1)
Free Clinics of the Great Lakes Region
108(1)
Increasing Development of State Associations
109(10)
Issues in Developing State and Regional Associations
110(3)
Perceived Benefits of Collective Association
113(1)
Networking
113(1)
Fund-Raising
114(1)
Group Purchasing
115(1)
Public Awareness
115(1)
Data Collection
116(1)
Legislative Impact
116(1)
New Clinic Start-Up
117(2)
The Reemergence of a National Association
119(12)
The Founding of the National Association of Free Clinics (NAFC)
119(2)
Incorporation of the NAFC
121(2)
Issues Regarding the NAFC
123(6)
Development of the NAFC
129(2)
Free Health Clinic Staff and Volunteers
131(24)
Background of Nonprofit Agencies
131(2)
Free Health Clinic Staff
133(3)
Free Health Clinic Volunteers
136(19)
Volunteering in a Free Health Clinic
137(3)
Staff and Volunteer Motivations
140(1)
The Importance of Providing Health Care to All Persons
140(3)
Personal Accomplishment and Fulfillment
143(4)
Personal Growth
147(2)
Friendship and Sense of Bonding
149(1)
Faith-Based or Spirit-Based Reasons
150(3)
Wanting to Give Something Back
153(2)
Patient Responses and Outcomes
155(16)
Attitudes of Free Clinic Patients
155(7)
Frustration, Resignation, Embarrassment
156(3)
A Sense of Entitlement and Lack of Appreciation
159(1)
Appreciation
160(2)
Measuring Outcomes
162(9)
Labor Force Participation
162(3)
Patient Empowerment
165(6)
The Future Path of Free Health Clinics
171(18)
Health Care Access Policy
171(6)
Federal Policy
171(4)
State Policy
175(1)
State Health Policy Legislation
176(1)
State Purchase of Pharmaceuticals
176(1)
Changes in Medicaid
177(1)
Direct Support for Free Clinics
177(1)
Demographic Changes in the United States
177(3)
The Aging of the Population
178(1)
The Increase in the Immigrant and Refugee Populations
179(1)
Corporate, Foundation, and Public Support
180(4)
Development of Free Clinic Assocations and Supporting Organizations
184(3)
State and Regional Free Clinic Associations
184(1)
The National Association of Free Clinics
185(1)
Long-Standing Groups Supporting Free Clinics
185(1)
Alternative Volunteer-Based Organizational Formats for Serving the Medically Indigent
186(1)
Conclusion
187(2)
Bibliography 189(8)
Index 197(4)
About the Author 201

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