Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation,9781566702812

Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation

by ;
ISBN13: 9781566702812
ISBN10: 156670281X
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1998-08-31
Publisher(s): CRC Press
List Price: $94.95

Buy New

Usually Ships in 5-7 Business Days
$94.86
Add to Cart

Rent Textbook

Select for Price
Add to Cart
There was a problem. Please try again later.

Rent Digital

Rent Digital Options
Online:180 Days access
Downloadable:180 Days
$49.50
Online:365 Days access
Downloadable:365 Days
$58.50
Online:1825 Days access
Downloadable:Lifetime Access
$89.99
*To support the delivery of the digital material to you, a digital delivery fee of $3.99 will be charged on each digital item.
$49.50*
Add to Cart

Used Textbook

We're Sorry
Sold Out

Buy from our Marketplace starting at $9.39

How Marketplace Works:

  • This item is offered by an independent seller and not shipped from our warehouse
  • Item details like edition and cover design may differ from our description; see seller's comments before ordering.
  • Sellers much confirm and ship within two business days; otherwise, the order will be cancelled and refunded.
  • Marketplace purchases cannot be returned to eCampus.com. Contact the seller directly for inquiries; if no response within two days, contact customer service.
  • Additional shipping costs apply to Marketplace purchases. Review shipping costs at checkout.

Summary

Every practicing environmental engineer should already have a firm grasp on the basics of hazardous waste site remediation-the key to confronting a site problem, and devising an effective solution.Since their original introduction to remediation, technology has kept moving ahead with new ideas and procedures. Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation gives environmental professionals immediate access to the basics of the trade, along with information about recent advancements.This comprehensive overview examines the basics of such areas as hazardous materials chemistry, hydrogeology, reaction engineering, and clean-up level development. A chapter on Cost Estimating will be of particular interest to specialists, in light of recent concerns about the increased costs of remediation. After reading each chapter, test your new knowledge with the review problems.As a refresher guide for career environmental engineers, or a helpful tool to newcomers in the field, Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation is a valuable resource for longtime professionals and newcomers alike.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 Ace Solvent Recovery Facility
1(7)
1.1.1 Former Operations
1(1)
1.1.2 Scope of the Site Investigation
2(1)
1.1.3 Results of the Site Investigation -- Soils
3(1)
1.1.4 Results of the Site Investigation -- Groundwater
4(4)
1.2 What Do I Do Now?
8(3)
Problems
11(2)
2 Basic Principles
13(90)
2.1 The Significance of Numbers
13(1)
2.2 Chemistry of Hazardous Materials
14(15)
2.2.1 Terminology
15(1)
2.2.1.1 Units
15(2)
2.2.1.2 Charge and Polarity
17(1)
2.2.1.3 Solubility
18(1)
2.2.1.4 Sorption
19(1)
2.2.1.5 Volatility
20(2)
2.2.1.6 Common Reactions
22(1)
2.2.2 Common Contaminants
23(1)
2.2.2.1 Alkanes
23(1)
2.2.2.2 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
23(1)
2.2.2.3 Chlorinated Methanes, Ethanes, and Ethenes
24(1)
2.2.2.4 Ketones
25(1)
2.2.2.5 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
25(1)
2.2.2.6 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
25(2)
2.2.2.7 Metals and Other Inorganics
27(2)
2.3 Overview of Hydrogeology
29(12)
2.3.1 Hydrologic Cycle
29(1)
2.3.2 Geologic Formations
30(1)
2.3.3 Groundwater Flow
31(4)
2.3.4 Contaminant Transport
35(1)
2.3.4.1 Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
35(2)
2.3.4.1.1 LNAPL
37(1)
2.3.4.1.2 DNAPL
37(2)
2.3.4.2 Dissolved Contamination
39(2)
2.4 How Clean is Clean?
41(23)
2.4.1 Detection Limits
43(1)
2.4.2 Background Levels
43(1)
2.4.3 Regulatory Standards, Criteria, and Screening Levels
43(2)
2.4.4 Site-Specific Risk Assessment
45(1)
2.4.4.1 Clean-Up Levels Based on Potential Human Health Risks
45(1)
2.4.4.1.1 Types of Health Risks
46(1)
2.4.4.1.2 Acceptable Risk
47(1)
2.4.4.1.3 Exposure Assumptions
48(2)
2.4.4.1.4 Calculation of Clean-Up Levels
50(9)
2.4.4.2 Clean-Up Goals Based on Potential Risks to an Ecosystem
59(2)
2.4.5 Clean-Up Goals Based on Protection of Groundwater
61(2)
2.4.6 Clean-Up Levels Based on Mass Removal
63(1)
2.5 Reaction Engineering
64(6)
2.5.1 Types of Reactors
64(1)
2.5.2 Mass Balance
65(3)
2.5.3 Rate of Reaction
68(1)
2.5.4 Treatability Testing
69(1)
2.6 Environmental Regulations
70(12)
2.6.1 Terminology
70(1)
2.6.2 Waste Site Remediation
71(3)
2.6.3 Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
74(1)
2.6.3.1 Waste Classification
74(2)
2.6.3.2 Land Disposal Restrictions
76(2)
2.6.3.3 Other RCRA Regulations
78(1)
2.6.4 Other Pertinent Regulations
78(1)
2.6.4.1 Clean Water Act
78(2)
2.6.4.2 Safe Drinking Water Act
80(1)
2.6.4.3 Occupational Safety and Health
81(1)
2.6.4.4 Transportation
81(1)
2.7 Cost Estimation
82(8)
2.7.1 Level of Accuracy
82(1)
2.7.2 Basis for Estimates
82(1)
2.7.3 Components of Cost Estimates
83(3)
2.7.4 Sources of Information
86(1)
2.7.5 Shortcuts for Preliminary Estimates
87(1)
2.7.5.1 Updating Capital Costs
87(1)
2.7.5.2 Scaling Equipment Costs
88(1)
2.7.5.3 Estimating Costs as a Percentage of Capital Costs
88(1)
2.7.6 Sensitivity Analysis
88(2)
Problems
90(5)
References
95(8)
3 Groundwater Remediation
103(106)
3.1 Physical Barriers
105(2)
3.2 Groundwater Extraction
107(13)
3.2.1 Extraction Wells
107(1)
3.2.1.1 Well Construction and Pumps
107(3)
3.2.1.2 Modeling the Flow to a single Extraction Well
110(4)
3.2.1.3 Siting Extraction Wells
114(1)
3.2.1.4 Practical Considerations
115(1)
3.2.2 Well Point Systems
115(1)
3.2.3 Interceptor Trenches
116(2)
3.2.4 Effectiveness of Pump-and-Treat Remedies
118(1)
3.2.5 Enhancements
119(1)
3.3 Groundwater Discharge
120(1)
3.4 Groundwater Treatment
121(31)
3.4.1 Immobilization Technologies
122(4)
3.4.2 Separation Technologies
126(1)
3.4.2.1 Sedimentation and Sludge Handling
126(2)
3.4.2.2 Filtration
128(1)
3.4.2.3 Oil-Water Separators and Dissolved Air Flotation
129(2)
3.4.2.4 Air Stripping
131(4)
3.4.2.5 Carbon Adsorption and Related Technologies
135(5)
3.4.2.6 Ion Exchange
140(3)
3.4.2.7 Reverse Osmosis
143(1)
3.4.3 Destruction Technologies
143(1)
3.4.3.1 Biological Treatment
143(1)
3.4.3.1.1 Model for Bioreactors
144(1)
3.4.3.1.2 General Design Considerations
145(3)
3.4.3.1.3 Applications to Groundwater Treatment
148(1)
3.4.3.2 Chemical Oxidation
149(2)
3.4.3.3 Reduction by Zero-Valent Iron (Reductive Dehalogenation)
151(1)
3.5 In Situ Treatment
152(14)
3.5.1 Natural Attenuation
153(1)
3.5.1.1 Conditions for Microbial Growth; Electron Acceptors
154(1)
3.5.1.2 Degradation of Hydrocarbons
155(1)
3.5.1.3 Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
155(2)
3.5.2 Air Sparging
157(1)
3.5.2.1 Physical Principles
157(1)
3.5.2.2 Air Sparging Through Wells
158(1)
3.5.2.3 Effectiveness
159(1)
3.5.2.4 In-Well Systems
160(1)
3.5.3 In Situ Bioremediation
161(1)
3.5.3.1 Aerobic Bioremediation
162(1)
3.5.3.2 Anaerobic Bioremediation
163(1)
3.5.4 Reductive Dehalogenation
164(2)
3.6 Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
166(19)
3.6.1 Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
167(1)
3.6.1.1 Extraction
167(1)
3.6.1.1.1 Removal of LNAPL Only
167(2)
3.6.1.1.2 Removal of LNAPL and Groundwater
169(1)
3.6.1.1.3 Vacuum Extraction/Multi-Phase Extraction
169(5)
3.6.1.2 Disposal
174(1)
3.6.2 Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
174(1)
3.6.2.1 Water Flooding
174(2)
3.6.2.2 Surfactants and Cosolvents
176(1)
3.6.2.2.1 Surfactants
176(3)
3.6.2.2.2 Cosolvents/Alcohol Flooding
179(1)
3.6.2.3 Steam Injection
179(4)
3.6.2.4 Oxidation
183(2)
3.7 Control of Air Emissions from Groundwater Treatment Units
185(5)
3.7.1 Removal of Water or Other Liquids
186(1)
3.7.2 Vapor-Phase Carbon
186(2)
3.7.3 Thermal Incineration
188(1)
3.7.4 Catalytic Incineration
189(1)
3.7.5 Biofilters
190(1)
Problems
190(6)
References
196(13)
4 Soil Remediation
209(88)
4.1 Soil Excavation and Materials Handling
209(9)
4.1.1 Planning
210(4)
4.1.2 Mobilization, Excavation, and Production
214(3)
4.1.3 Materials Handling
217(1)
4.1.4 Transportation Off Site
217(1)
4.2 Immobilization Technologies
218(17)
4.2.1 Disposal/Landfilling
218(2)
4.2.2 Capping
220(1)
4.2.2.1 Construction of a Multilayer Cap
221(1)
4.2.2.1.1 Bottom or Low-Permebility Layer
221(2)
4.2.2.1.2 Middle or Drainage Layer
223(1)
4.2.2.1.3 Top or Erosion-Control Layer
224(1)
4.2.2.2 Maintenance and Monitoring
224(1)
4.2.3 Asphalt Batching
224(1)
4.2.3.1 Hot-Mix Process
224(2)
4.2.4 Solidification/Stabilization
226(1)
4.2.4.1 Mechanics of Treatment
227(1)
4.2.4.2 Reagents
228(1)
4.2.4.2.1 Pozzolan- or Silicate-Based Processes
228(1)
4.2.4.2.2 Cement-Based Processes
229(1)
4.2.4.3 Results of Treatment
230(1)
4.2.5 Vitrification
231(1)
4.2.5.1 Vitrification of Excavated Soil
232(1)
4.2.5.2 In Situ Vitrification
233(2)
4.3 Separation Technologies
235(27)
4.3.1 Soil Vapor Extraction
235(1)
4.3.1.1 Physical Principles
235(2)
4.3.1.2 Design of a Soil Vapor Extraction System
237(1)
4.3.1.2.1 Soil Vapor Extraction Wells
237(2)
4.3.1.2.2 Optimizing Air Flow Through the Soil
239(1)
4.3.1.2.3 Blowers and Vacuum Pumps
240(1)
4.3.1.2.4 Vapor Treatment System
241(1)
4.3.1.3 Effectiveness
242(2)
4.3.1.4 Related Technologies
244(1)
4.3.2 Thermal Desorption
245(1)
4.3.2.1 Treatment of Excavated Soil
245(1)
4.3.2.1.1 Pretreatment and Feed
246(1)
4.3.2.1.2 Thermal Processor
246(3)
4.3.2.1.3 Emissions Control
249(1)
4.3.2.1.4 Operating Considerations
249(1)
4.3.2.2 In Situ Treatment
250(1)
4.3.3 Soil Washing, Solvent Extraction, and Soil Flushing
251(1)
4.3.3.1 Soil Washing
252(1)
4.3.3.2 Solvent Extraction
253(1)
4.3.3.3 Soil Flushing
253(2)
4.3.4 Electrokinetic Remediation Technologies
255(1)
4.3.4.1 Physical Effects
255(4)
4.3.4.2 Remediation Processes
259(3)
4.4 Destruction Technologies
262(17)
4.4.1 Biological Processes
262(1)
4.4.1.1 Bioremediation
262(1)
4.4.1.1.1 Overview
262(1)
4.4.1.1.2 Testing
263(1)
4.4.1.1.3 Process Options
264(5)
4.4.1.1.4 Operating Issues and Variations
269(1)
4.4.1.2 Phytoremediation
270(1)
4.4.1.2.1 Treatment Mechanisms
270(1)
4.4.1.2.2 Limitations
271(1)
4.4.2 Dechlorination
272(1)
4.4.2.1 Glycolite Dehalogenation
272(1)
4.4.2.2 Base-Catalyzed Dechlorination
273(1)
4.4.3 Incineration
273(2)
4.4.3.1 Overview
275(2)
4.4.3.2 Process Options
277(2)
4.4.3.3 Regulatory Requirements
279(1)
4.5 Control of Air Emissions from Soil Treatment Units
279(1)
Problems
280(5)
References
285(12)
5 Solutions
297(22)
5.1 Chapter One
297(1)
5.2 Chapter Two
297(5)
5.3 Chapter Three
302(9)
5.4 Chapter Four
311(6)
References
317(2)
Index 319

An electronic version of this book is available through VitalSource.

This book is viewable on PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and most smartphones.

By purchasing, you will be able to view this book online, as well as download it, for the chosen number of days.

Digital License

You are licensing a digital product for a set duration. Durations are set forth in the product description, with "Lifetime" typically meaning five (5) years of online access and permanent download to a supported device. All licenses are non-transferable.

More details can be found here.

A downloadable version of this book is available through the eCampus Reader or compatible Adobe readers.

Applications are available on iOS, Android, PC, Mac, and Windows Mobile platforms.

Please view the compatibility matrix prior to purchase.