Ethical Theory Classical and Contemporary Readings,9780495006718

Ethical Theory Classical and Contemporary Readings

by
Edition: 5th
ISBN13: 9780495006718
ISBN10: 0495006718
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-01-03
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Learn how philosophy relates to every area of life. ETHICAL THEORY: CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY READINGS cuts through the confusion and delivers a clearly understandable selection of the most influential classic and contemporary philosopher's major writings. It's all set up in a pro and con format, so you can watch the debate unfold before your eyes. Get the philosophy you need to know without the confusion with ETHICAL THEORY: CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY READINGS.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Fifth Edition xi
Part I What Is Ethics?
1(14)
Plato: Socratic Morality: Crito
8(7)
Suggestions for Further Reading
14(1)
Part II Ethical Relativism versus Ethical Objectivism
15(64)
Herodotus: Custom Is King
20(1)
Thomas Aquinas: Objectivism: Natural Law
20(13)
Ruth Benedict: A Defense of Ethical Relativism
33(5)
Louis Pojman: A Critique of Ethical Relativism
38(14)
Gilbert Harman: Moral Relativism Defended
52(10)
Alan Gewirth: The Objective Status of Human Rights
62(13)
Alasdair MacIntyre: A Critique of Gewirth and the Notion of Rights
75(4)
Suggestions for Further Reading
78(1)
Part III Morality, Self-Interest, and Future Selves
79(60)
Plato: Why Be Moral?
82(6)
Richard Taylor: On the Socratic Dilemma
88(5)
David Gauthier: Morality and Advantage
93(8)
Gregory Kavka: A Reconciliation Project
101(12)
Derek Parfit: Later Selves and Moral Principles
113(14)
Bernard Williams: Persons, Character, and Morality
127(12)
Suggestions for Further Reading
137(2)
Part IV Value
139(40)
Jeremy Bentham: Classical Hedonism
143(3)
Robert Nozick: The Experience Machine
146(2)
Richard Taylor: Value and the Origin of Right and Wrong
148(7)
Friedrich Nietzsche: The Transvaluation of Values
155(7)
Derek Parfit: What Makes Someone's Life Go Best?
162(7)
Thomas Nagel: Value: The View from Nowhere
169(10)
Suggestions for Further Reading
178(1)
Part V Utilitarianism
179(72)
John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism
183(21)
J. J. C. Smart: Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism
204(7)
Kai Nielsen: Against Moral Conservatism
211(8)
Bernard Williams: Against Utilitarianism
219(10)
John Hospers: Rule-Utilitarianism
229(9)
Robert Nozick: Side Constraints
238(4)
Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality
242(9)
Suggestions for Further Reading
250(1)
Part VI Kantian and Deontological Systems
251(68)
Immanuel Kant: The Foundation for the Metaphysics of Morals
255(20)
W. D. Ross: What Makes Right Acts Right?
275(9)
Onora O'Neill: Kantian Formula of the End in Itself and World Hunger
284(10)
Thomas Nagel: Moral Luck
294(8)
Philippa Foot: Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives
302(6)
Judith Jarvis Thomson: Killing, Letting Die, and the Trolley Problem
308(11)
Suggestions for Further Reading
317(2)
Part VII Contractarian Ethical Systems
319(52)
Thomas Hobbes: The Leviathan
323(13)
David Gauthier: Why Contractarianism?
336(10)
John Rawls: Liberal Contractualism: Justice as Fairness
346(12)
T. M. Scanlon: Contractualism and Utilitarianism
358(13)
Suggestions for Further Reading
369(2)
Part VIII Virtue-Based Ethical Systems
371(80)
Aristotle: The Ethics of Virtue
375(25)
Bernard Mayo: Virtue and the Moral Life
400(3)
William Frankena: A Critique of Virtue-Based Ethics
403(6)
Walter Schaller: Are Virtues No More Than Dispositions to Obey Moral Rules?
409(7)
Alasdair MacIntyre: The Nature of Virtues
416(14)
Susan Wolf: Moral Saints
430(11)
Louis P. Pojman: In Defense of Moral Saints
441(10)
Suggestions for Further Reading
450(1)
Part IX The Fact/Value Problem: Metaethics in the Twentieth Century
451(44)
David Hume: On Reason and the Emotions: The Fact/Value Distinction
457(7)
G. E. Moore: Non-Naturalism
464(7)
A. J. Ayer: Emotivism
471(7)
R. M. Hare: Prescriptivism: The Structure of Ethics and Morals
478(8)
Geoffrey Warnock: The Object of Morality
486(9)
Suggestions for Further Reading
494(1)
Part X Moral Realism and the Challenge of Skepticism
495(80)
J. L. Mackie: The Subjectivity of Values
498(10)
Jonathan Harrison: A Critique of Mackie's Error Theory
508(9)
Gilbert Harman: Moral Nihilism
517(9)
Nicholas Sturgeon: Moral Explanations
526(12)
Bernard Williams: Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy
538(11)
Bruce Russell: Two Forms of Ethical Skepticism
549(13)
Michael Smith: A Defense of Moral Realism
562(13)
Suggestions for Further Reading
572(3)
Part XI Religion and Ethics
575(24)
Plato: Morality and Religion
578(2)
Immanuel Kant: God and Immortality as Necessary Postulates of Morality
580(4)
George Mavrodes: Religion and the Queerness of Morality
584(8)
Kai Nielsen: Ethics Without God
592(7)
Suggestions for Further Reading
598(1)
Part XII Contemporary Challenges to Classical Ethical Theory
599(1)
A. Sociobiology and the Question of Moral Responsibility
599(55)
Charles Darwin: Ethics and the Descent of Man
602(13)
E. O. Wilson: Sociobiology and Ethics
615(3)
Michael Ruse: Evolution and Ethics: The Sociobiological Approach
618(16)
Elliot Sober: Prospects for an Evolutionary Ethics
634(11)
J. L. Mackie: The Law of the Jungle: Evolution and Morality
645(9)
Suggestions for Further Reading on Sociobiology
652(2)
B. The Challenges of Determinism to Moral Responsibility and Desert
654(25)
Galen Strawson: The Impossibility of Moral Responsibility
654(9)
Louis P. Pojman: Free Will, Determinism, and Moral Responsibility: A Response to Galen Strawson
663(8)
Richard Taylor: Libertarianism: A Defense of Free Will
671(8)
Suggestions for Further Reading on Moral Responsibility
678(1)
A Glossary of Ethical Terms 679

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