Engineering Ethics Concepts and Cases,9780534605797

Engineering Ethics Concepts and Cases

by ; ;
Edition: 3rd
ISBN13: 9780534605797
ISBN10: 0534605796
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-07-07
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

This text bridges the gap between theory and practice in engineering ethics. The authors provide real-life cases, structured methodology foranalyzing cases, and examples of cases that have been analyzed to give students a true understanding of what is involved in practicing ethicalengineering. Codes of Ethics are also provided and discussed. This book helps engineering students to carry over their natural analytical talentsinto a new area: moral deliberation. It shows them the importance of being analytical, stressing the fact that many apparent moral disagreementsare really disagreements over the facts or over the definitions of crucial terms, and that the locus of moral disagreement can only be discoveredby analysis.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Engineering Ethics: Making a Difference 1(20)
The Challenger Disaster
1(2)
Ghost of the Executed Engineer
3(2)
Water Restoration in Sarajevo
5(2)
1.1 Introduction
7(2)
1.2 What Is a Profession?
9(2)
1.3 Professional Ethics
11(5)
1.4 Engineering Ethics as Preventive Ethics
16(1)
The Importance of Thinking Ahead
16(1)
1.5 Cases, Cases, Cases!
17(1)
1.6 Chapter Summary
18(1)
Cases to Consider
19(2)
Chapter 2 Responsibility in Engineering 21(27)
2.1 Introduction
22(1)
2.2 Obligation-Responsibility and Reasonable Care
23(3)
2.3 Good Works
26(4)
2.4 Do Engineers Need Virtues?
30(1)
2.5 Blame-Responsibility and Causation
31(5)
Organizations: Causes or Moral Agents?
32(1)
Individual Responsibility and Accountability
33(2)
The Problem of Many Hands
35(1)
2.6 Impediments to Responsible Action
36(8)
Self-Interest
37(1)
Fear
37(1)
Self-Deception
38(1)
Ignorance
39(1)
Egocentric Tendencies
40(1)
Microscopic Vision
40(1)
Uncritical Acceptance of Authority
41(1)
Groupthink
42(2)
2.7 Chapter Summary
44(1)
Cases to Consider
44(4)
Chapter 3 Framing the Problem 48(29)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Common Morality
50(2)
3.3 Moral Justification
52(1)
3.4 Analyzing a Case
53(4)
A Sample Case
54(3)
3.5 Factual Issues
57(3)
Discerning Relevant Facts
59(1)
Known and Unknown Facts
59(1)
Weighing the Importance of Facts
60(1)
3.6 Conceptual Issues
60(3)
3.7 Application Issues
63(1)
3.8 Line-Drawing
64(5)
With Features
65(4)
3.9 Conflicting Values: Creative Middle Way Solutions
69(5)
3.10 Chapter Summary
74(1)
Cases to Consider
75(2)
Chapter 4 Organizing Principles 77(24)
4.1 Introduction
77(2)
4.2 Two Key Concepts: Universalizability and Reversibility
79(1)
4.3 Utilitarian Thinking
80(2)
4.4 Three Utilitarian Approaches
82(6)
The Cost-Benefit Approach
82(3)
The Act Utilitarian Approach
85(1)
The Rule Utilitarian Approach
86(2)
4.5 The Ethics of Respect for Persons
88(1)
4.6 Three Respect for Persons Approaches
89(8)
The Golden Rule
89(3)
The Self-Defeating Criterion
92(2)
Rights
94(3)
4.7 Convergence, Divergence, and Creative Middle Ways
97(1)
4.8 Chapter Summary
98(1)
Cases to Consider
99(2)
Chapter 5 Computers, Individual Morality, and Social Policy 101(24)
5.1 Introduction
102(2)
Computers and Social Policy
102(1)
Illustrations of Ethical Methodology
103(1)
5.2 Computers and Privacy: A Conflict of Values
104(4)
Privacy and Boundary-Crossing
104(1)
Privacy versus Social Utility
105(1)
Finding a Creative Middle Way
106(2)
5.3 Ownership of Computer Software
108(4)
Should Software Be Protected?
108(1)
How Should Software Be Protected?
109(3)
5.4 Computer Abuse: A Spectrum of Cases
112(3)
The Aldus Peace Virus
112(1)
Kevin Metnick
113(1)
Robert Morris
113(1)
Donald Burleson
114(1)
The Moral Status of Computer Abuse
115(1)
5.5 Computers and Moral Responsibility
115(7)
Blame-Responsibility: Corporate Responsibility
117(2)
Blame-Responsibility: Individual Responsibility
119(2)
Maintaining Accountability in a Computerized Society
121(1)
5.6 Chapter Summary
122(1)
Cases to Consider
123(2)
Chapter 6 Honesty, Integrity, and Reliability 125(25)
6.1 Introduction
125(2)
6.2 Forms of Dishonesty
127(1)
(1) Lying
127(1)
(2) Deliberate Deception
127(1)
(3) Withholding Information
128(1)
(4) Failure to Seek Out the Truth
128(1)
6.3 Why Is Dishonesty Wrong?
128(3)
6.4 Dishonesty on Campus
131(1)
6.5 Dishonesty in Engineering Research and Testing
132(2)
6.6 Intellectual Property
134(4)
6.7 Expert Witnessing
138(1)
6.8 Confidentiality in Client-Professional Relations
139(3)
6.9 Informing the Public
142(2)
6.10 Conflicts of Interest
144(2)
What Is a Conflict of Interest?
144(2)
6.11 Chapter Summary
146(1)
Cases to Consider
147(3)
Chapter 7 Safety, Risk, and Liability in Engineering 150(31)
7.1 Introduction
151(1)
7.2 Professional Engineering Society Codes of Ethics: Engineering Practice Regarding Safety and Risk
152(1)
7.3 Safety, Risk, and Local Building Codes
153(3)
7.4 Difficulties in Estimating Risk
156(5)
Detecting Failure Modes
156(3)
Are There "Normal Accidents"?
159(2)
7.5 Normalizing Deviance
161(2)
7.6 The Expert's Approach to Acceptable Risk: Identifying and Defining
Acceptable Risk
163(1)
Utilitarianism and Acceptable Risk
164(1)
Risk as Maximizing Benefit
165(1)
7.7 The Layperson's Approach to Acceptable Risk
166(4)
Expert and Layperson
166(1)
Informed Consent and Justice
167(3)
7.8 The Government Regulator's Approach to Risk
170(2)
7.9 The Engineer's Liability for Risk
172(6)
The Standards of Tort Law
172(2)
Protecting Engineers from Liability
174(1)
7.10 Becoming a Responsible Engineer Regarding Risk
175(2)
7.11 Chapter Summary
177(1)
Cases to Consider
178(3)
Chapter 8 Engineers as Employees 181(33)
8.1 Introduction
182(1)
8.2 The Codes and Employer-Employee Relationships
182(2)
8.3 The Changing Legal Status of Employee Rights
184(2)
The Public-Policy Exception
184(1)
Statutory Protection
185(1)
8.4 The Manager-Engineer Relationship
186(4)
Differences in Perspective between Managers and Engineers
186(1)
Two Empirical Studies
187(3)
8.5 Proper Engineering and Management Decisions
190(4)
Functions of Engineers and Managers
190(2)
Paradigmatic and Non paradigmatic Examples
192(2)
8.6 The Challenger Case
194(3)
8.7 Loyalty: Uncritical and Critical
197(3)
8.8 Responsible Organizational Disobedience
200(6)
Disobedience by Contrary Action
201(2)
Disobedience by Nonparticipation
203(1)
Disobedience by Protest
203(3)
8.9 Implementing Professional Employee Rights
206(3)
8.10 Chapter Summary
209(1)
Cases to Consider
210(4)
Chapter 9 Engineers and the Environment 214(30)
9.1 Introduction
215(1)
9.2 Engineering Codes and the Environment
216(3)
Code References to the Environment
216(2)
Sustainable Development
218(1)
9.3 Controversy over the Environment
219(4)
Two Important Distinctions
219(1)
Why the Reluctance to Be Concerned with the Environment?
220(2)
Searching for a Criterion for "Clean"
222(1)
9.4 What Does the Law Say?
223(5)
Federal Laws on the Environment
223(3)
The Courts on the Environment
226(1)
So, How Clean Is Clean?
227(1)
9.5 Balancing Wealth and Health: A Criterion for "Clean"
228(3)
A Degree-of-Harm Criterion
229(2)
9.6 The Anthropocentric Approach to Environmental Ethics
231(3)
Animal Liberation and Engineering Ethics
231(1)
The Environmental Movement and Engineering Ethics
232(2)
9.7 The Scope of Professional Engineering Obligations to the Environment
234(3)
9.8 Two Modest Proposals
237(3)
9.9 Chapter Summary
240(1)
Cases to Consider
241(3)
Chapter 10 International Engineering Professionalism 244(28)
10.1 Introduction
245(2)
10.2 The Search for Culture-Transcending Norms
247(2)
10.3 The CT Norms Identified and Explained
249(11)
Avoiding Exploitation
250(1)
Avoiding Paternalism
251(1)
Avoiding Bribery and Gifts
252(1)
Avoiding the Violation of Human Rights
253(3)
Promoting the Host Country's Welfare
256(1)
Respecting Cultural Norms and Laws
257(1)
Protecting Health and Safety
258(1)
Protecting the Environment
259(1)
Promoting Legitimate Background Institutions
259(1)
10.4 Applying the CT Norms
260(3)
Proportional Responsibility
260(1)
Avoiding Laxism and Rigorism
261(1)
Choosing Among Competing Local Practices
262(1)
Should CT Norms Always Prevail?
262(1)
What about Conflicts between CT Norms?
263(1)
10.5 Bribery, Extortion, Grease Payments, and Gifts
263(4)
Bribery
263(1)
Extortion
264(2)
Grease Payments
266(1)
Gifts
266(1)
10.6 Sweatshops in Asia
267(1)
10.7 Chapter Summary
268(1)
Cases to Consider
269(3)
Chapter 11 Engineering Professionalism and Ethics: Future Challenges 272(23)
11.1 Introduction
274(1)
11.2 American Professional Engineering Societies
275(2)
11.3 Professional Engineering Societies: Their Limitations in Enforcing Ethics and Their Ability to Promote Ethics
277(5)
Limitations in Enforcing Ethics
277(2)
Promoting Ethics
279(3)
11.4 State Registration Boards and the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES)
282(5)
The Role of the NCEES
285(2)
11.5 The Licensing Process
287(3)
11.6 Code Jurisdictions
290(1)
11.7 Gender and Minority Issues
291(1)
11.8 Chapter Summary
292(1)
Cases to Consider
293(2)
Cases 295(1)
List of Cases 296(1)
Taxonomy of Cases 297(60)
Bibliography 357(8)
Appendix: Codes of Ethics 365(16)
Videotapes for Use in Engineering Ethics 381(5)
Index 386

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