|
|
xvi | |
|
|
xviii | |
|
|
xx | |
Preface and Acknowledgements |
|
xxi | |
|
What is Developmental Psychology? |
|
|
1 | (10) |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
What is normal development? |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Methods in the Study of Development |
|
|
5 | (6) |
|
Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Experiments in psychology |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Asking questions and forming hypotheses |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Ethical issues in research |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
11 | (22) |
|
Studying Visual Perception |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
The habituation-dishabituation method |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Perception In Utero and in the Neonate |
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
|
17 | (11) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Face perception and recognition |
|
|
19 | (5) |
|
The perception of depth and distance |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Object perception and size constancy |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
The perception of partly hidden objects |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
Critical Periods in Perceptual Development |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
Seeing horizontals and verticals |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
|
33 | (17) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Long-term Separations and Substitute Care |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
The Failure to Form Bonds |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Recovery from Early Deprivation or Privation |
|
|
45 | (5) |
|
|
46 | (4) |
|
Early Influences and Personality |
|
|
50 | (25) |
|
What do we mean by personality? |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
Love and early relationships |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
|
53 | (3) |
|
Severe distress in pregnancy |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Heredity and Environment: An Interaction |
|
|
57 | (4) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (4) |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
Trait theories of personality |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
'Easy' and 'difficult' children |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (5) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
The psychodynamic theory of personality |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
Are Western models universal? |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Different Styles of Child Rearing |
|
|
70 | (5) |
|
Later parent-child relationships |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
|
75 | (16) |
|
The Development of Children's Play |
|
|
76 | (4) |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
Sociocultural approaches to play |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Is gender typing in play inevitable? |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Play: Prosocial Behaviour and Aggression |
|
|
82 | (5) |
|
Disruptive children and bullies |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Violent games and their effects |
|
|
83 | (4) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (3) |
|
|
91 | (18) |
|
Is there an innate potential for language? |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
How Does Language Develop? |
|
|
93 | (7) |
|
The beginnings of language |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
How Do Children Learn Language? |
|
|
100 | (9) |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
Natural language interactions |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
|
109 | (16) |
|
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development |
|
|
109 | (8) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Assimilation and accommodation |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
The stages of development |
|
|
110 | (6) |
|
Educational implications: the active child and the teacher as facilitator |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development |
|
|
117 | (3) |
|
Higher and elementary mental functions |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
The zone of proximal development |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Information Processing Theories of Cognitive Development |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
The structure of the information processing system |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
The processes of the information processing system |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Children's eye witness testimony: an application of information processing theory |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Information processing: in summary |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
Intelligence and Experience |
|
|
125 | (23) |
|
One Characteristic or Several? |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
The triarchic theory and practical intelligence |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
The Development of Intelligence Testing |
|
|
129 | (8) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
Gender differences and 'gender fairness' |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
The Development of Intelligence |
|
|
137 | (5) |
|
Is intelligence stable over time? |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
The role of genetic factors |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
Cognitive Changes in Adulthood and Old Age |
|
|
142 | (6) |
|
Age changes or cohort differences? |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
Fluid and crystallized intelligence |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
The problem of 'age-fairness' |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Experience: the advantage of being older |
|
|
144 | (4) |
|
Creativity and Artistic Development |
|
|
148 | (20) |
|
Changing attitudes to the arts? |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
The Nature of Artistic Development |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (8) |
|
From scribbles to masterpieces: the development of children's drawing |
|
|
151 | (3) |
|
From babbling to opera: the development of children's music making |
|
|
154 | (4) |
|
'Once upon a time . . .': the development of children's story-telling |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (5) |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Artistic Activity |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
164 | (4) |
|
Moral and Social Development |
|
|
168 | (27) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Why study moral behaviour? |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (7) |
|
Moral rules and moral values |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
A 'learning theory' viewpoint |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Identification and imitation |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
A social learning perspective: the role of modelling |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Conformity and non-conformity |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (2) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Reasoning and Moral Development |
|
|
176 | (3) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Piaget's stages of moral development |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
Adolescent Moral Reasoning |
|
|
179 | (5) |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
Reasoning and moral behaviour |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Caring or Justice-based Solutions? |
|
|
184 | (11) |
|
Joan Miller, David Bersoff and cultural differences |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
Nancy Eisenberg and prosocial behaviour |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
Carol Gilligan and gender differences |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
The development of conscience |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Moral and social training |
|
|
192 | (3) |
|
Gender Development and Gender Differences |
|
|
195 | (21) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Gender Differences in Ability |
|
|
196 | (5) |
|
Boys and visual spatial abilities |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
Verbal abilities: are girls better? |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
Are boys better at mathematics? |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
What is the cause of these ability differences? |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
Gender Identity Development |
|
|
201 | (5) |
|
|
201 | (3) |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Cognitive developmental theory |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Gender Differences in Adult Life |
|
|
206 | (10) |
|
Young adulthood: the 'parental imperative' |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Older adulthood: greater androgyny? |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Is Gutmann's view 'old-fashioned'? |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Studies of gender typing in older age |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Projective tests, ratings and attitude scales |
|
|
208 | (3) |
|
Measures of behaviour: who does the housework? |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: does gender typing diminish in late adulthood? |
|
|
211 | (5) |
|
|
216 | (21) |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
A spectrum of emotions and behaviours |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
219 | (6) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (3) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
The classification of problems |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Conduct and Emotional Disorders |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Are children with conduct disorders delinquent? |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (9) |
|
Cultural differences in coping |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
|
234 | (3) |
|
|
237 | (26) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (2) |
|
|
241 | (5) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Early and late development |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (8) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
The Problems of Adolescence |
|
|
254 | (5) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (3) |
|
Growing Older: Young and Middle Adulthood |
|
|
263 | (16) |
|
|
264 | (6) |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
270 | (9) |
|
Romantic love and mate selection |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Do children make parents happy or unhappy? |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Is 'the family' declining? |
|
|
276 | (3) |
|
|
279 | (16) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Old age - the last developmental stage |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Personality in Later Life |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
Activity and disengagement |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
283 | (3) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
The importance of leisure activity |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (3) |
|
Parents and adult children |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Is grandparenting enjoyable? |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (6) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Coming to terms with dying |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
|
295 | (18) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Methods in Developmental Psychology |
|
|
298 | (5) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
The problems of experimental design |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Schaie's 'most efficient design' |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Studying Lifespan Development |
|
|
303 | (3) |
|
Life's problems and crises |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
|
306 | (4) |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
313 | (7) |
Author Index |
|
320 | (9) |
Subject Index |
|
329 | |