Preface |
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xxvii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxix | |
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1 | (94) |
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Functions and Forms of Banking |
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2 | (26) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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What Do Banks Do for Their Customers? |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Off-Balance Sheet Activities |
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10 | (1) |
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Insurance and Securities Related Activities |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Banks Are Private Firms with a Public Purpose |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Legal and Regulatory Constraints |
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14 | (1) |
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Sizes and Market Shares of Commercial Banks and Other Financial Service Firms |
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14 | (2) |
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Major Factors Affecting Banking and Market Shares |
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16 | (1) |
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Inflation and Volatile Interest Rates |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Despecialization and Competition |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Money and Capital Markets |
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20 | (1) |
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Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (3) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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The Bank Regulatory Environment |
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28 | (25) |
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29 | (1) |
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Prevent Disruption of the Economy |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Guard Against Deposit Insurance Losses |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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The Foundation of the Regulatory Framework |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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The Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 (DIDMCA) |
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38 | (1) |
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The Garn-St. Germain Act of 1982 |
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39 | (1) |
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The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) |
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39 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA) |
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41 | (1) |
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The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 |
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42 | (1) |
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The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 |
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42 | (1) |
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The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLBA) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Bank and Financial Holding Companies |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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Is Prudential Bank Regulation Effective? |
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49 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Evaluating Bank Performance |
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53 | (42) |
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A Framework for Evaluating Bank Performance |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (3) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Presentation of Bank Financial Statements |
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58 | (6) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (3) |
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Analyzing Bank Performance with Financial Ratios |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (28) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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Application of Financial Ratios to Evaluating the Performance of Wells Fargo |
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72 | (1) |
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Internal Performance Evaluation Based on Economic Profit |
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72 | (1) |
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Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) |
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73 | (3) |
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Economic Value Added (EVA) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (5) |
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83 | (12) |
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Part II Asset Liability Management |
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95 | (80) |
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96 | (20) |
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Determining the Value of the Equity of a Commercial Bank |
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97 | (4) |
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Using the Price-Earnings Ratio |
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101 | (1) |
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Bank Merger and Acquisition Pricing |
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102 | (2) |
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Bank Earnings and Stock Prices: Which Earnings Matter? |
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104 | (1) |
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Deregulation and the Value of Bank Stocks |
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105 | (1) |
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Evidence from Market Responses to Bank M&A Announcements |
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106 | (2) |
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Long-Term Effects of Bank Mergers |
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108 | (1) |
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Strategies for Increasing Stock Price: The Bank Megamerger Wave |
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109 | (7) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (3) |
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An Overview of Asset/Liability Management (ALM) |
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116 | (30) |
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Asset/Liability Management |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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Alternatives in Managing Interest Rate Risk |
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120 | (1) |
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Balance Sheet Adjustments |
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120 | (1) |
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Off-Balance Sheet Adjustments |
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120 | (1) |
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Measuring Interest Rate Sensitivity and the Dollar Gap |
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121 | (1) |
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Classification of Assets and Liabilities |
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121 | (1) |
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Definition of the Dollar Gap |
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122 | (1) |
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Asset and Liability Sensitivity |
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123 | (1) |
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Gap, Interest Rates, and Profitability |
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123 | (1) |
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Incremental and Cumulative Gaps |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (3) |
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Managing Interest Rate Risk with Dollar Gaps |
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128 | (1) |
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Balance Sheet Adjustments |
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128 | (1) |
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How Much Interest Rate Risk Is Acceptable? |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Three Problems with Dollar Gap Management |
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131 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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Correlation with the Market |
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131 | (2) |
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Focus on Net Interest Income |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Measurement of the Duration Gap |
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134 | (1) |
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Interest Rates, the Duration Gap, and the Value of Equity |
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135 | (1) |
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Defensive and Aggressive Duration Gap Management |
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136 | (2) |
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Problems with Duration Gap Management |
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138 | (1) |
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Simulation and Asset/Liability Management |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (7) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (4) |
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Techniques of Asset/Liability Management: Futures, Options, and Swaps |
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146 | (29) |
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146 | (1) |
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Using Financial Futures Markets to Manage Interest Rate Risk |
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146 | (1) |
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Nature of Futures Contracts |
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147 | (1) |
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Example of a Futures Transaction |
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148 | (1) |
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Techniques in Using Financial Futures |
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149 | (1) |
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Using Interest Rate Futures to Hedge a Dollar Gap Position |
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149 | (2) |
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Balance Sheet Hedging Example |
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150 | (1) |
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Using Interest Rate Futures to Hedge a Duration Gap |
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151 | (1) |
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Steps Involved in Hedging |
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152 | (1) |
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Perfect and Imperfect Futures Short Hedges |
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153 | (1) |
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Complications in Using Financial Futures |
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154 | (1) |
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Using Futures Contracts to Manage Currency Risk |
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155 | (1) |
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Using Futures Contracts to Manage Stock Market Risk |
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155 | (1) |
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Using Forward Contracts Instead of Futures Contracts |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Options |
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156 | (2) |
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Payoffs for Options Contracts |
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158 | (1) |
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Hedging the Dollar Gap with Option and Futures Option Contracts |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (3) |
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Interest Rate Swaps, the Quality Spread, and the Cost of Funds |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (8) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (2) |
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Part III Investment, Lending, and Liquidity Management |
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175 | (32) |
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176 | (31) |
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Developing Investment Policies and Goals |
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177 | (4) |
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Types of Investment Securities |
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181 | (1) |
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U.S. Government and Agency Securities |
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181 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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Recent Portfolio Composition |
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185 | (2) |
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Evaluating Investment Risk |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (9) |
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187 | (2) |
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Bondholder Losses in Default |
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189 | (1) |
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Bond Prices and Default Risk |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (5) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Passive Investment Strategies |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Aggressive Investment Strategies |
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198 | (9) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (2) |
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Appendix 7A Investment Policy of a Major U.S. Bank |
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207 | (4) |
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Appendix 7B Modern Portfolio Theory and Bank Securities Management |
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211 | (68) |
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Measuring Expected Rates of Return |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (4) |
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Credit Evaluation Process |
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216 | (30) |
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217 | (1) |
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Consumer Credit and Home Mortgage Loans |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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Comparisons with Other Firms and Life Cycle Considerations |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Average versus Year-End Data |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (4) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Liquidity Ratios and Measures |
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232 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Average Collection Period |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Long-term Debt as a Percentage of Total Capital |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Review of Financial Indicators |
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237 | (1) |
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Common-Size Statement Analysis |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (4) |
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241 | (5) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (3) |
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Commercial and Industrial Lending |
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246 | (33) |
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The Role of Asymmetric Information in Lending |
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246 | (1) |
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Asymmetric Information and Adverse Selection |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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The Competitive Environment |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Online Banking and Financial Services |
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250 | (1) |
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The Board of Directors' Written Loan Policy |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Principal Lending Activities |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Good Collateral |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Real Property and Equipment |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Evaluating a Loan Request |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Structuring Commercial Loan Agreements |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (6) |
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How to Calculate Effective Yield |
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265 | (2) |
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Effect of Payment Frequency on Interest Earned and Yields |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Return on Net Funds Employed |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Average Cost versus Marginal Cost |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Monitoring and Loan Review |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (8) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (4) |
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Appendix 9A The Cost of Capital |
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279 | (62) |
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Real Estate and Consumer Lending |
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281 | (31) |
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281 | (1) |
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Mortgage Debt Outstanding |
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281 | (2) |
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Characteristics of Mortgage Loans |
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283 | (1) |
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The Real Estate Portfolio |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Residential Mortgage Loans |
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285 | (5) |
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286 | (1) |
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Monthly Mortgage Payments |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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Adjustable-Rate Mortgages |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Alternative Mortgage Instruments |
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292 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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Graduated Payment Mortgage |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Shared Appreciation Mortgage |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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Second Mortgage/Home Equity Loan |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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Commercial Real Estate Loans |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (5) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Average Daily Balance Method Excluding Current Transactions |
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303 | (1) |
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Average Daily Balance Method Including Current Transactions |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (3) |
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Single Payment, End of Period |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Real Estate and Consumer Credit Regulation |
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|
306 | (6) |
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Community Reinvestment Act |
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|
306 | (1) |
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Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act |
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|
306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Home Mortgage Disclosure Act |
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307 | (1) |
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Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (29) |
|
Estimating Liquidity Needs |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Sources and Uses of Funds Method |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
Structure-of-Deposits Method |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Funding and Market Liquidity Needs |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Managing the Money Position |
|
|
319 | (3) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Nonpersonal Time Deposits |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (3) |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
Funds Management of Liquidity |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
Regulatory View of Bank Liquidity |
|
|
331 | (3) |
|
Bank Liquidity: A Hypothetical Example |
|
|
334 | (7) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
Part IV Capital, Liabilities, and Off-Balance Sheet Management |
|
|
341 | (88) |
|
|
342 | (30) |
|
Definition of Bank Capital |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Depository Institution Failures and Capital |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Uniform Capital Requirements |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Risk-Adjusted Capital Requirements |
|
|
348 | (9) |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Financial Risk and Share Valuation |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Asset Investment Considerations |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (7) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (30) |
|
Structure of Bank Liabilities |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (5) |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
Small Time and Savings Deposits |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Nondeposit Sources of Funds |
|
|
378 | (5) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Capital Notes and Debentures |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Balance Sheet Structure of Bank Liabilities |
|
|
383 | (3) |
|
Managing Bank Liabilities |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Formulating Pricing Policy |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Components of the Pricing Decision |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Profitability and Deposit Pricing |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Lending and Deposit Costs |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Customer Relationship Pricing |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Other Marketing Elements Related to Pricing |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Estimating the Costs of Bank Funds |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Weighted-Average Cost of Funds |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Purposes of Cost Analyses |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
394 | (8) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
Off-Balance-Sheet Activities |
|
|
402 | (27) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Standby Letters of Credit |
|
|
403 | (3) |
|
Uses of Standby Letters of Credit |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Revolving Loan Commitments |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Arrangers and Tender Panels |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (4) |
|
Currency and Interest Rate Swaps |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Risks Associated with Swaps |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Over-the-Counter Options, Futures, and Forwards |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Other Off-Balance-Sheet Activities |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Commercial Letters of Credit |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Acceptance Participations |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
U.S. Banks and International Expansion |
|
|
424 | (5) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Part V Domestic and International Financial Services |
|
|
429 | (30) |
|
Securities, Investment, and Insurance Services |
|
|
430 | (16) |
|
Consolidation and Convergence of Financial Services |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Benefits of Intermediation |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Property/Casualty Insurance |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Securities Brokers/Dealers and Investment Banking |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
|
441 | (5) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
|
446 | (13) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Cash Concentration for Collection of Funds |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Lock Boxes for Collections |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Data Processing and Related Services |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Syndication/Shared National Credits (SNCS) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Private Wealth Management |
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (5) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Appendix 16A FDIC Insurance Coverage |
|
|
459 | (44) |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
|
461 | (17) |
|
Retail Payments and Financial Services |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
Electronic Banking Services |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Automated Teller Machines |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) |
|
|
467 | (3) |
|
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Home Mortgage Loans Over the Internet |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (3) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Global Financial Services |
|
|
478 | (25) |
|
Why and How U.S. Banks Engage in International Banking |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Why Engage in International Banking? |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
International Banking Facilities |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Foreign Banks in the United States |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Financial Holding Companies |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Confirmed Letters of Credit |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Direct and Indirect Exchange Rates |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Foreign Exchange Transactions |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (5) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (2) |
Glossary |
|
503 | (24) |
Index |
|
527 | |