|
|
ix | |
|
|
xi | |
|
|
xiii | |
|
|
xv | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xvi | |
PART I Introduction |
|
1 | (46) |
|
Introduction to coastal defences |
|
|
3 | (16) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
Historical background to coastal defences |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
Problems of a static coastline |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
Recent trends in defence planning |
|
|
9 | (8) |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
Role of coastal processes in coastal defence management |
|
|
19 | (28) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (10) |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
Concept of the coastal sediment budget |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
Problem of changing sea level |
|
|
37 | (9) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
PART II Hard approaches to coastal defence |
|
47 | (120) |
|
|
51 | (21) |
|
|
51 | (5) |
|
Types of sea wall and their uses |
|
|
56 | (4) |
|
Impacts of sea walls on the coast |
|
|
60 | (6) |
|
Benefits of sea walls to the coastal environment |
|
|
66 | (2) |
|
Sea walls and sea level rise |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (3) |
|
Groynes and jetties: shore normal structures |
|
|
72 | (24) |
|
|
72 | (9) |
|
Shore normal structures and their methodologies |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
Impacts of groynes and jetties |
|
|
85 | (7) |
|
Benefits of groynes and jetties for the coastal environment |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Groynes and sea level rise |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
|
96 | (45) |
|
|
96 | (7) |
|
Role of cliffs in coastal sediment supply |
|
|
103 | (10) |
|
Methods of cliff protection |
|
|
113 | (12) |
|
Impacts associated with cliff protection |
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
Cliff management by non-intervention |
|
|
128 | (9) |
|
Cliff defences and sea level rise |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
Offshore structures: breakwaters and sills |
|
|
141 | (26) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Offshore structures and their usage |
|
|
143 | (15) |
|
Impacts of offshore structures on the coast |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
Beneficial aspects of offshore structures |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Offshore breakwaters and sea level rise |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
164 | (3) |
PART III Soft approaches to coastal defence |
|
167 | (134) |
|
|
169 | (46) |
|
|
169 | (4) |
|
The importance of beaches for wave attenuation |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Beach recharge techniques |
|
|
174 | (9) |
|
Important considerations for successful beach recharge |
|
|
183 | (9) |
|
|
192 | (4) |
|
Where is all the recharge material coming from? |
|
|
196 | (3) |
|
Beach recharge and tourism |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Impacts associated with beach recharge |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
Benefits of a recharged beach |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Beach feeding and sea level rise |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Other forms of soft management of beaches |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
|
211 | (4) |
|
|
215 | (29) |
|
|
215 | (3) |
|
Importance of dunes in coastal defence |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
219 | (11) |
|
Methods of dune protection and rehabilitation |
|
|
230 | (8) |
|
Impacts associated with dune protection |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Sand dunes and sea level rise |
|
|
239 | (3) |
|
|
242 | (2) |
|
Increasing sedimentation in mudflat environments |
|
|
244 | (27) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Philosophy of encouraging fine sediment deposition |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Methods of increasing natural sedimentation |
|
|
246 | (8) |
|
Increasing wave attenuation with vegetation |
|
|
254 | (10) |
|
Impacts associated with increasing natural sedimentation |
|
|
264 | (4) |
|
Benefits of increased coastal sedimentation |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Intertidal mudflats and sea level rise |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
|
271 | (30) |
|
|
271 | (2) |
|
Rationale of giving land back to the sea |
|
|
273 | (7) |
|
Methods and environmental factors in managed realignment |
|
|
280 | (10) |
|
Storm breaches: a natural analogue to managed realignment |
|
|
290 | (3) |
|
Impacts associated with managed realignment |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Economics of managed realignment |
|
|
294 | (2) |
|
Managed realignment and sea level rise |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
|
298 | (3) |
PART IV Coastal defences in a changing environment |
|
301 | (25) |
|
Coastal defences revisited |
|
|
303 | (8) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Common problems with coastal defences |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
Developed coastlines: a location for `staged retreat'? |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Undeveloped coastlines: planning and insurance - true costing in coastal areas? |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Coastal defences in the future |
|
|
311 | (15) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Sea level rise and the hard versus soft debate |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
Public perception of hard and soft defences |
|
|
315 | (4) |
|
Where is coastal defence going? |
|
|
319 | (4) |
|
|
323 | (3) |
References |
|
326 | (29) |
Subject index |
|
355 | (7) |
Geographical index |
|
362 | |